【摘要】：人大常委會的執(zhí)法檢查是一種重要的法律監(jiān)督權(quán)，《監(jiān)督法》對此作出了明確的規(guī)定。但與常委會聽取同級“一府兩院”的工作報告，審批政府預(yù)決算，發(fā)展計劃，政府工作報告等監(jiān)督方式相比，執(zhí)法檢查這種監(jiān)督方式具有特殊性。同時，在實踐中，人大執(zhí)法檢查的實際效果也受到了很大的爭議。在被廣泛的運用的同時，執(zhí)法檢查也常會被認為措施太緩和而效果不佳，也有不少地方人大常委會針對此進行了一些制度上的改進和創(chuàng)新探索。之所以會有這樣的爭議存在，主要就是因為執(zhí)法檢查發(fā)現(xiàn)問題后解決問題的方式比較特殊，這種方式不具有法律強制力，但是卻有約束力。而這正是這篇論文想要關(guān)注的問題。 以往學者在撰寫關(guān)于人大執(zhí)法檢查的論文或著作時，主要將視角放在執(zhí)法檢查制度的歷史沿革，執(zhí)法檢查的方式方法的改進。但執(zhí)法檢查制度的法律效力也是一個值得深入探討的問題。如果能從理論上對執(zhí)法檢查的法律效力進行確認的話，不僅是對人大監(jiān)督理論的一個細化闡述，也有利于執(zhí)法檢查制度實效的更好發(fā)揮。筆者主要采取了實證分析和規(guī)范分析的方法對執(zhí)法檢查制度的法律效力進行研究。 第一部分，對我國人大常委會執(zhí)法檢查制度進行了概述。通過概述簡要介紹了我國執(zhí)法檢查制度的法律淵源，并以分析執(zhí)法檢查的法律概念入手，引入到法律效力的探討，并對執(zhí)法檢查的法律效力做了明確解釋。 第二部分，對執(zhí)法檢查制度進行了一個實證分析。執(zhí)法檢查所針對的法律具有特殊性，執(zhí)法檢查在發(fā)現(xiàn)問題后處理問題的方式也具有特殊性，執(zhí)法檢查的法律效力除了在法律規(guī)定的針對同級“一府兩院”提出整改意見，還有著更為豐富的內(nèi)容。進而初步得出執(zhí)法檢查效力的特點。 第三部分，著重分析常委會組成人員針對執(zhí)法檢查報告所作出的“審議意見”的法律效力。從“審議意見”的形成程序，法律文本的規(guī)定以及票據(jù)程序等角度進行論述得出“審議意見”無法律強制性的結(jié)論。從“審議意見”這個核心概念出發(fā)解讀執(zhí)法檢查制度的法律效力。 第四部分，分析了影響執(zhí)法檢查制度法律效力的因素，主要包括檢查缺乏針對性，，信息公開程度不夠，配套制度不夠完善，以及批評建議缺乏強制力。 第五部分，針對第四部分中所論述的相關(guān)影響因素，提出相應(yīng)的應(yīng)對措施，以使得執(zhí)法檢查的實效能夠得到更好的發(fā)揮。 執(zhí)法檢查的法律效力是一種溫和的政治壓力和影響力，對其特殊性進行解讀，能夠讓我們更加科學地看待執(zhí)法檢查這種監(jiān)督方式也更有利于其效力得到發(fā)揮。
[Abstract]:The NPC standing Committee's law enforcement inspection is an important legal supervision power, which is clearly stipulated in the Supervision Law. However, compared with the way of supervision, such as listening to the work reports of "one government, two courts" at the same level, examining and approving the government's budget and final accounts, developing plans, and government work reports, the standing Committee has its own particularity in the way of law enforcement and inspection. At the same time, in practice, the actual effect of NPC law enforcement inspection has also been very controversial. At the same time, law enforcement inspection is often considered to be too mild and ineffective, and many local people's congresses have carried out some system improvement and innovation exploration. The reason why there is such a dispute is mainly because the law enforcement inspection finds a special way to solve the problem, which is not legally coercive, but binding. This is exactly what this paper wants to focus on. In the past, when scholars wrote papers or works on the law enforcement inspection of the people's Congress, they mainly focused on the historical evolution of the law enforcement inspection system and the improvement of the methods and methods of the law enforcement inspection. However, the legal effect of law enforcement inspection system is also a problem worthy of further discussion. If the legal effect of law enforcement inspection can be confirmed theoretically, it is not only a detailed elaboration of the supervision theory of the people's Congress, but also conducive to the better exertion of the effectiveness of the law enforcement inspection system. The author mainly adopts the method of empirical analysis and normative analysis to study the legal effect of law enforcement inspection system. The first part summarizes the law enforcement inspection system of the standing Committee of the National people's Congress. This paper briefly introduces the legal origin of the law enforcement inspection system in China, and begins with the analysis of the legal concept of the law enforcement inspection, introduces the legal effect into the discussion, and makes a clear explanation of the legal effect of the law enforcement inspection. The second part, carries on an empirical analysis to the law enforcement inspection system. The law that law enforcement inspection aims at has particularity, the way that law enforcement inspection deals with problems after discovering problems also has particularity. In addition to the legal effect of law enforcement inspection, in addition to putting forward rectification opinions on "one government, two houses" at the same level as stipulated by law, There is more to it. Furthermore, the characteristics of the effectiveness of law enforcement inspection are preliminarily obtained. The third part focuses on the legal effect of the review opinion made by the members of the standing Committee on the law enforcement inspection report. This paper discusses the forming procedure of "deliberation opinion", the stipulation of legal text and the procedure of bill, etc., and draws the conclusion that "deliberation opinion" has no legal compulsion. This paper interprets the legal effect of law enforcement inspection system from the core concept of "review opinion". The fourth part analyzes the factors that affect the legal effectiveness of the law enforcement inspection system, including the lack of pertinence of inspection, the degree of information disclosure is not enough, the supporting system is not perfect, and the criticism of the lack of mandatory force. In the fifth part, according to the related factors discussed in the fourth part, the corresponding countermeasures are put forward, so that the effectiveness of law enforcement inspection can be better brought into play. The legal effect of law enforcement inspection is a kind of mild political pressure and influence. To interpret the particularity of law enforcement inspection can make us look at the law enforcement inspection more scientifically and be more conducive to its effectiveness.
【學位授予單位】：華東政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D624

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