【摘要】：享譽(yù)世界的法國啟蒙思想家、著名法學(xué)家孟德斯鳩在其法學(xué)巨著《論法的精神》中闡述：“一切有權(quán)力的人都容易濫用權(quán)力�！睆慕鞣绞澜绲姆ㄖ七M(jìn)程看,主張立法、行政、司法完全獨(dú)立的三權(quán)分立學(xué)說對(duì)許多國家產(chǎn)生了積極深遠(yuǎn)的影響。英美法系國家的職能機(jī)構(gòu)相互獨(dú)立、互為制約,職能機(jī)構(gòu)內(nèi)部的權(quán)限亦十分明晰。國內(nèi)方面,不少學(xué)者在依法治國、建立社會(huì)主義法治社會(huì)的總原則指導(dǎo)下,提出了我國司法獨(dú)立制度的多種見解,主張公、檢、法三家分權(quán)獨(dú)立、各司其職,但涉及司法機(jī)關(guān)內(nèi)部多重職權(quán)的問題卻少有研究。 公安機(jī)關(guān)作為國家司法力量的主要組成部分,又肩負(fù)著國家行政管理這一重大職責(zé),國家法律賦予單一主體雙重職權(quán)。法學(xué)界普遍認(rèn)為,一定限度內(nèi)的職權(quán)是為保障公民權(quán)利所必需的,但超出限度或?yàn)E用職權(quán),則會(huì)侵害公民合法權(quán)利、阻礙國家法治進(jìn)程。為此,本文旨在通過對(duì)公安行政職權(quán)與刑事職權(quán)交叉的問題研究,解決執(zhí)法實(shí)踐中普遍存在的法律適用混亂、救濟(jì)途徑不暢及侵害公民權(quán)利等諸多問題。筆者首先從公安機(jī)關(guān)行政職權(quán)與刑事職權(quán)的概念、依據(jù)、范圍入手,提出了兩種職權(quán)的劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。隨即,引入歐美國家和我國香港地區(qū)警察體制的先進(jìn)經(jīng)驗(yàn),指出我國公安機(jī)關(guān)職權(quán)交叉和權(quán)力濫用的現(xiàn)狀,深入分析立法不夠完善、體制存在弊端、自由裁量權(quán)過大等因素是導(dǎo)致職權(quán)交叉的主要原因。 通過上述研究,筆者對(duì)目前舉國體制下能否適用英美法系的三權(quán)分立模式進(jìn)行了可行性探討。西方三權(quán)分立學(xué)說,是基于國家政治制度的特點(diǎn)、民主法治的發(fā)展、經(jīng)濟(jì)水平、文化傳統(tǒng)而存在。我國現(xiàn)行體制下,各職能部門只有分工但并未分立,公安內(nèi)部職權(quán)交叉的情況還將在一定時(shí)期內(nèi)存在。面對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)環(huán)境的制約,筆者提出適度分立的理念。采取推進(jìn)立法,解決法律沖突,彌補(bǔ)法律漏洞；推動(dòng)警察體制改革,明晰公安職責(zé)和權(quán)限；權(quán)力規(guī)制,依法限制自由裁量權(quán)等措施。望能拋磚引玉,促使更多學(xué)者和相關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)公安機(jī)關(guān)職權(quán)交叉的問題加以關(guān)注,切實(shí)解決。
[Abstract]:Montesquieu, a world-renowned French enlightenment thinker and famous jurist, states in his masterpiece on the Spirit of Law: "all who have power are apt to abuse power." From the perspective of the legal process in the western world in modern times, the doctrine of separation of powers, which advocates the complete independence of legislation, administration and judiciary, has had a positive and far-reaching impact on many countries. The functional institutions in Anglo-American law system are independent and restrict each other, and the competence of the functional institutions is also very clear. At home, many scholars, guided by the general principles of governing the country according to law and establishing a socialist society ruled by law, put forward a variety of views on the judicial independence system in our country. They advocated the separation of powers and independence of the public, the procurators, and the law, and carried out their respective duties. However, there is little research on the multiple functions and powers involved in the judiciary. As the main part of the national judicial power, the public security organ shoulders the important duty of the state administration, and the state law endows the single subject with dual functions and powers. Legal circles generally believe that power within a certain limit is necessary to protect the rights of citizens, but beyond the limit or abuse of power, it will infringe on the legitimate rights of citizens and hinder the process of the rule of law in the country. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to solve many problems in law enforcement practice, such as the confusion of law application, the lack of relief channels and the infringement of citizens' rights through the research on the intersection of public security administrative powers and criminal powers. Starting with the concept, basis and scope of the administrative authority and criminal authority of public security organs, the author puts forward the criteria for the division of the two functions and powers. Then, by introducing the advanced experience of the police system in Europe and the United States and Hong Kong, the author points out the current situation of the overlapping of powers and powers of the public security organs in our country, and deeply analyzes the imperfect legislation and the drawbacks of the system. Excessive discretion and other factors are the main reasons leading to the intersection of functions and powers. Through the above research, the author probes into the feasibility of applying the system of separation of powers in Anglo-American law system. Western doctrine of separation of powers is based on the characteristics of national political system, the development of democracy and rule of law, economic level and cultural tradition. Under the present system of our country, each functional department has only the division of labor but has not been separated, the situation that the public security internal authority intersects will also exist in a certain period of time. Facing the restriction of realistic environment, the author puts forward the idea of moderate separation. Measures should be taken to promote legislation, resolve legal conflicts and make up for legal loopholes; promote the reform of the police system, clarify the duties and powers of public security, regulate power, and limit discretion according to law, and so on. It is hoped that more scholars and relevant institutions will pay more attention to the problem of public security organs' overlapping functions and powers, and solve them conscientiously.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D921;D922.1

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