發(fā)布時間：2019-01-04 07:17

【摘要】：土地是人類賴以生存和發(fā)展的重要資源，土地資源的有限性和社會的不斷發(fā)展存在矛盾之處。何讓有限的土地資源發(fā)揮出最大的效用是科學(xué)發(fā)展無法回避的問題。我國對土地實行的是社會主義公有制，即土地國有制和農(nóng)村土地集體所有制。對應(yīng)兩種所有制下的國家所有土地和集體所有土地，，現(xiàn)行法律和政策規(guī)定實行區(qū)別對待，即城鄉(xiāng)土地“二元結(jié)構(gòu)”。伴隨著社會主義市場經(jīng)濟的持續(xù)發(fā)展和城市化與工業(yè)化的不斷推進，這種“二元結(jié)構(gòu)”對集體土地權(quán)利及其流轉(zhuǎn)的限制導(dǎo)致實踐中出現(xiàn)了諸多問題和矛盾。這些問題主要表現(xiàn)相對于國有土地而言集體土地所有權(quán)和使用權(quán)主體不明、權(quán)能受限以及缺乏相應(yīng)的流轉(zhuǎn)市場和有效的監(jiān)管引導(dǎo)，直接導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果就是集體土地隱性流轉(zhuǎn)、農(nóng)民土地權(quán)益無法得到有效的保護。解決這些問題需要對集體土地相關(guān)制度進行改革。對于改革方向和具體措施的選擇，學(xué)術(shù)界和各地的實踐均進行了一些探討并取得了一定的經(jīng)驗，即各地以地方規(guī)定和政策來對集體土地權(quán)利流轉(zhuǎn)進行確認(rèn)引導(dǎo)。但是由于地方規(guī)定和政策的效力以及穩(wěn)定性均無法勝任從根本上對集體土地流轉(zhuǎn)進行規(guī)范這一要求，打破城鄉(xiāng)土地“二元結(jié)構(gòu)”仍需進一步的努力。 本文第一部分主要對集體建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)和所有權(quán)的相關(guān)研究做了簡要的概括。第二部分則是對集體建設(shè)用地流轉(zhuǎn)相關(guān)概念和歷史做了簡述。第三部分主要從集體建設(shè)用地流轉(zhuǎn)相關(guān)所有權(quán)制度和使用權(quán)制度著手對現(xiàn)狀進行了分析，提出了集體建設(shè)用地流轉(zhuǎn)現(xiàn)狀中存在的問題。即存在集體土地所有權(quán)和使用權(quán)主體混亂、集體土地所有權(quán)和使用權(quán)權(quán)能受限導(dǎo)致隱性流轉(zhuǎn)、集體建設(shè)用地流轉(zhuǎn)市場缺失導(dǎo)致流轉(zhuǎn)效率低下、對集體建設(shè)用地流轉(zhuǎn)的管理和規(guī)制不足導(dǎo)致無法保護農(nóng)民和使用權(quán)人利益等問題。第四部分則是針對存在的問題提出了在現(xiàn)階段實際可行的完善建議。首先從法律層面明確集體土地所有權(quán)和使用權(quán)的權(quán)能主體以及權(quán)能內(nèi)容，同時對集體土地流轉(zhuǎn)做出明確的規(guī)定，然后建立城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)一的土地市場，同時加強政府的引導(dǎo)和監(jiān)管作用以保證土地市場的有效運行，最后完善農(nóng)村社會保障制度以促進農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和現(xiàn)代化進程。
[Abstract]:Land is an important resource for human survival and development. There are contradictions between the limitation of land resources and the continuous development of society. How to make limited land resources play the greatest role is an unavoidable problem in scientific development. What our country implements to land is socialist public ownership, namely land state ownership and rural land collective ownership. According to the state owned land and collectively-owned land under two kinds of ownership, the existing laws and policies provide for different treatment, that is, the dual structure of urban and rural land. With the continuous development of socialist market economy and the promotion of urbanization and industrialization, the restriction of collective land rights and its circulation has led to many problems and contradictions in practice. These problems mainly show that the ownership and use right of collective land are not clear, the power is limited, and the corresponding circulation market and effective supervision and guidance are lacking, the direct result is the recessive circulation of collective land. Farmers' land rights and interests can not be effectively protected. To solve these problems, we need to reform the system of collective land. For the choice of reform direction and concrete measures, academic circles and local practices have made some discussions and gained some experience, that is, local regulations and policies are used to confirm and guide the circulation of collective land rights. However, because the effectiveness and stability of local regulations and policies are not up to the requirement of standardizing the collective land circulation fundamentally, further efforts are needed to break the dual structure of urban and rural land. The first part of this paper mainly summarizes the related research of collective construction land use right and ownership. The second part is the collective construction land transfer related concepts and history. The third part mainly from collective construction land transfer related ownership system and the system of right to use to carry on the analysis to the present situation, has proposed the collective construction land circulation present situation existence question. That is, the collective land ownership and the right to use the main confusion, collective land ownership and the power of the right to use due to recessive circulation, collective construction land transfer market lack resulting in inefficient circulation. Insufficient management and regulation of collective construction land circulation lead to problems such as failure to protect the interests of farmers and users. The fourth part is to put forward the practical and feasible suggestions for the existing problems. First of all from the legal level to clarify the collective land ownership and use rights of the subject and the content of power, at the same time, collective land circulation to make clear provisions, and then establish a unified urban and rural land market. At the same time, strengthen the guidance and supervision of the government to ensure the effective operation of the land market, and finally improve the rural social security system to promote the development of rural economy and the process of modernization.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D922.32

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