發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-03-24 11:21

【摘要】：全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì)第二十八次會(huì)議于2012年8月31日召開(kāi),會(huì)議對(duì)《中華人民共和國(guó)民事訴訟法》進(jìn)行了修改,對(duì)民事公益訴訟中的相關(guān)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了規(guī)定,修改后的第五十五條明確規(guī)定“對(duì)污染環(huán)境、侵害眾多消費(fèi)者合法權(quán)益等損害社會(huì)公共利益的行為,法律規(guī)定的機(jī)關(guān)和有關(guān)組織可以向人民法院提起訴訟�！边@一修改為民事公益訴訟制度的確立和完善提供了民事訴訟法依據(jù),滿(mǎn)足了當(dāng)前社會(huì)各界對(duì)建立公益訴訟制度的迫切需求,對(duì)維護(hù)社會(huì)公共利益具有重要的意義和價(jià)值。在公益訴訟制度建立之初,明確民事公益訴訟的原告主體適格問(wèn)題是重中之重。我國(guó)現(xiàn)有的民事訴訟理論在原告主體適格問(wèn)題上采用了“直接利害關(guān)系”的表述,然而在民事公益訴訟領(lǐng)域,原告已經(jīng)不局限于“直接利害關(guān)系”的范圍,這需要我們不斷發(fā)展現(xiàn)有的民事訴訟主體適格理論,探索出專(zhuān)門(mén)的民事公益訴訟主體適格理論。檢察機(jī)關(guān)、特定行政機(jī)關(guān)、社會(huì)組織是民事公益訴訟原告的適格主體。本文將采用案例分析的研究方式分析這三個(gè)主體作為民事公益訴訟原告的主體適格性。本論文主要分為四部分,第一部分對(duì)民事公益訴訟主體適格的基礎(chǔ)理論進(jìn)行闡述,第二部分、第三部分、第四部分分別通過(guò)對(duì)C市檢察院訴許某甲、許某乙污染環(huán)境案,D市環(huán)保局訴吳某等環(huán)境污染責(zé)任糾紛案,S市消保委訴S公司、O公司侵權(quán)責(zé)任糾紛案這三個(gè)案例進(jìn)行分析,從檢察機(jī)關(guān)、特定行政機(jī)關(guān)、社會(huì)組織三個(gè)主體入手,分析其提起民事公益訴訟的合法性、合理性。要想不斷豐富和發(fā)展民事公益訴訟原告主體適格理論,應(yīng)擺脫“直接利害關(guān)系”對(duì)民事公益訴訟原告適格主體的限制,探索符合社會(huì)潮流和滿(mǎn)足維護(hù)公共利益需要的公益訴訟體系。一方面要在實(shí)體法中對(duì)民事公益訴訟原告主體進(jìn)行詳細(xì)、具體的規(guī)定,明確檢察機(jī)關(guān)、特定行政機(jī)關(guān)、社會(huì)組織作為民事公益訴訟原告適格主體的前提條件和限制規(guī)定。另一方面應(yīng)在程序法中對(duì)民事公益訴訟程序進(jìn)行專(zhuān)門(mén)規(guī)定,明確其特殊性,使之與普通民事訴訟區(qū)別開(kāi)來(lái),促進(jìn)民事公益訴訟制度的發(fā)展,使之成為維護(hù)社會(huì)公共利益重要手段。
[Abstract]:The twenty-eighth meeting of the standing Committee of the National people's Congress was held on 31 August 2012, at which the Civil procedure Law of the people's Republic of China was amended and related issues in civil public interest litigation were regulated, Article 55, as amended, clearly stipulates that "[t] he acts of polluting the environment, infringing upon the legitimate rights and interests of many consumers, etc., which harm the public interest of the society, may be brought before a people's court by the organs and relevant organizations prescribed by the law." This amendment provides the basis of civil procedure law for the establishment and perfection of civil public interest litigation system, satisfies the urgent demand of the establishment of public interest litigation system from all walks of life, and is of great significance and value to the maintenance of social public interest. At the beginning of the establishment of the public interest litigation system, it is the most important to make clear the subject suitability of plaintiff in civil public interest litigation. The existing theory of civil litigation in China has adopted the expression of "direct interest" in the subject fitness of plaintiff. However, in the field of civil public interest litigation, plaintiff is no longer limited to the scope of "direct interest". This requires us to continue to develop the existing civil litigation subject fitness theory, to explore a special civil public interest litigation subject fitness theory. Procuratorial organs, specific administrative organs and social organizations are suitable subjects of civil public interest litigation plaintiff. This article will use the case study method to analyze the three subjects as the civil public interest litigation plaintiff's subject suitability. This paper is divided into four parts, the first part expounds the basic theory of civil public interest litigation subject fitness, the second part, the third part, the fourth part respectively through the C City Procuratorate against A, Xu B pollution of the environment case, D City Environmental Protection Bureau v. Wu and other environmental pollution liability disputes, S City Insurance Commission v. S Company, O Company Tort liability dispute three cases were analyzed, starting from the procuratorial organs, specific administrative organs, social organizations three main bodies, The legitimacy and rationality of civil public interest litigation are analyzed. In order to continuously enrich and develop the theory of plaintiff subject fitness in civil public interest litigation, we should get rid of the restriction of "direct interest" on plaintiff's suitable subject in civil public interest litigation. To explore a public interest litigation system that conforms to the social trend and meets the needs of maintaining the public interest. On the one hand, the main body of civil public interest litigation plaintiff should be detailed and specified in the substantive law, and the preconditions and restrictions of procuratorial organs, specific administrative organs and social organizations as the suitable subjects of civil public interest litigation plaintiff should be made clear. On the other hand, the procedure of civil public interest litigation should be specified in the procedural law, so that it can be distinguished from the ordinary civil litigation, and the development of civil public interest litigation system should be promoted. To make it an important means of safeguarding the public interest of the society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D925.1

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