不強迫自證其罪原則研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-16 08:45
【摘要】：不強迫自證其罪，，是一項重要的刑事訴訟原則，己經(jīng)在世界上不少國家和地區(qū)得到認可和應(yīng)用。在我國2012年《刑事訴訟法》中，首次確立了不強迫自證其罪原則，這在我國刑事立法中具有里程碑的意義。另一方面，不強迫自證其罪原則的確立是一個復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)工程,涉及到刑事訴訟制度的改革、國家權(quán)力和公民權(quán)利的分配以及證據(jù)規(guī)則的修改和完善等。相較于歐美國家在適用不強迫自證其罪原則方面有著比較成熟的做法，我國在這一方面的立法和司法實踐中存在諸多缺陷，需要在借鑒他國經(jīng)驗的基礎(chǔ)上予以完善。 本文梳理了不強迫自證其罪原則的起源和發(fā)展歷程，對其理論基礎(chǔ)和內(nèi)涵進行了深入探討，認識到人權(quán)保障理論、程序正義理論和無罪推定理論是支撐該原則的堅實基礎(chǔ)，也是認識其內(nèi)涵的前提。其次，不強迫自證其罪原則在國外經(jīng)過多年的發(fā)展，己經(jīng)較為成熟，本文對于外國在適用該原則的過程中產(chǎn)生的一系列法律規(guī)則進行了系統(tǒng)地總結(jié)和歸納，并從中獲得一些啟示，以期待為該原則在我國的適用提供借鑒。接著闡述了不強迫自證其罪原則在我國適用的現(xiàn)狀，分析了立法中已經(jīng)建立的相關(guān)制度以及存在的缺陷，這為進一步提出完善建議作了準(zhǔn)備。 最后，在我國立法初步確立不強迫自證其罪原則的基礎(chǔ)上，借鑒國外的立法例和相關(guān)制度建設(shè)，結(jié)合我國的實際國情，對其進行重新審視和進一步研宄，認為在司法實踐中應(yīng)充分認識不強迫自證其罪原則與“應(yīng)當(dāng)如實回答”條款的關(guān)系，并適當(dāng)理解和運用“應(yīng)當(dāng)如實回答”條款，不能使該規(guī)定成為司法人員刑訊逼供的借口；應(yīng)當(dāng)修正該原則條款在《刑事訴訟法》中的位置和表述，將該原則上升為刑事訴訟的基本原則來指導(dǎo)整個刑事訴訟過程，避免由于表述不準(zhǔn)確造成司法適用的不統(tǒng)一；應(yīng)當(dāng)完善該原則在我國適用的例外情形，以實現(xiàn)打擊犯罪與保障人權(quán)的平衡；應(yīng)當(dāng)構(gòu)建和完善該原則的制度體系，從建立沉默權(quán)制度、強化辯護權(quán)制度、完善非法證據(jù)排除制度、健全證人作證制度幾個方面出發(fā)，來實現(xiàn)不強迫自證其罪原則在我國的制度化構(gòu)建，避免因空泛、缺乏操作性的固有缺陷造成該原則在我國法律中淪為一紙空文，通過具體的制度實施來推動不強迫自證其罪原則在我國的適用，與此同時這些制度的適用也對該原則的實現(xiàn)具有保障作用。
[Abstract]:Non-compulsive self-incrimination is an important principle of criminal procedure, which has been recognized and applied in many countries and regions in the world. In the Criminal procedure Law of our country in 2012, the principle of non-compulsive self-incrimination was established for the first time, which is of great significance in the criminal legislation of our country. On the other hand, the establishment of the principle of non-compulsive self-incrimination is a complex systematic project, which involves the reform of criminal procedure system, the distribution of state power and civil rights, and the modification and improvement of the rules of evidence, etc. Compared with the European and American countries in applying the principle of non-compulsive self-incrimination, there are many defects in our legislation and judicial practice in this respect, which need to be perfected on the basis of drawing lessons from the experience of other countries. This paper combs the origin and development of the principle of non-compulsive self-incrimination, probes into its theoretical basis and connotation, and recognizes that the theory of human rights protection, the theory of procedural justice and the theory of presumption of innocence are the solid foundation to support the principle. It is also the premise of understanding its connotation. Secondly, the principle of non-compulsive self-incrimination has been developed in foreign countries for many years. This paper summarizes and summarizes systematically a series of legal rules produced by foreign countries in the process of applying this principle. And get some enlightenment from it in order to provide reference for the application of this principle in our country. Then it expounds the current situation of the application of the principle of non-compulsive self-incrimination in our country, analyzes the relevant system and the defects in the legislation, which is the preparation for the further improvement of the proposal. Finally, on the basis of establishing the principle of non-compulsive self-incrimination in our country's legislation, drawing lessons from foreign legislative cases and related system construction, combining with the actual situation of our country, we re-examine and further study it. In judicial practice, we should fully understand the relationship between the principle of non-compulsive self-incrimination and the clause "shall answer truthfully", and properly understand and apply the clause "shall answer truthfully", which cannot make this provision an excuse for judicial personnel to extort confessions by torture; We should amend the position and expression of this principle clause in the Criminal procedure Law, raise the principle to the basic principle of criminal procedure to guide the whole criminal procedure process, avoid the inconsistency of judicial application caused by inaccurate expression; We should perfect the exception that this principle applies in our country, in order to achieve the balance between fighting crime and guaranteeing human rights; We should construct and perfect the system of this principle, from establishing the system of right to silence, strengthening the system of defense right, perfecting the system of excluding illegal evidence, perfecting the system of witness testifying. To realize the institutionalization of the principle of non-compulsive self-incrimination in our country, to avoid the inherent defects of emptiness and lack of maneuverability, which makes the principle become a dead letter in our country's law. Through the implementation of specific systems to promote the application of the principle of non-compulsive self-incrimination in our country, at the same time, the application of these systems can also guarantee the realization of the principle.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D925.2
本文編號：2335058
[Abstract]:Non-compulsive self-incrimination is an important principle of criminal procedure, which has been recognized and applied in many countries and regions in the world. In the Criminal procedure Law of our country in 2012, the principle of non-compulsive self-incrimination was established for the first time, which is of great significance in the criminal legislation of our country. On the other hand, the establishment of the principle of non-compulsive self-incrimination is a complex systematic project, which involves the reform of criminal procedure system, the distribution of state power and civil rights, and the modification and improvement of the rules of evidence, etc. Compared with the European and American countries in applying the principle of non-compulsive self-incrimination, there are many defects in our legislation and judicial practice in this respect, which need to be perfected on the basis of drawing lessons from the experience of other countries. This paper combs the origin and development of the principle of non-compulsive self-incrimination, probes into its theoretical basis and connotation, and recognizes that the theory of human rights protection, the theory of procedural justice and the theory of presumption of innocence are the solid foundation to support the principle. It is also the premise of understanding its connotation. Secondly, the principle of non-compulsive self-incrimination has been developed in foreign countries for many years. This paper summarizes and summarizes systematically a series of legal rules produced by foreign countries in the process of applying this principle. And get some enlightenment from it in order to provide reference for the application of this principle in our country. Then it expounds the current situation of the application of the principle of non-compulsive self-incrimination in our country, analyzes the relevant system and the defects in the legislation, which is the preparation for the further improvement of the proposal. Finally, on the basis of establishing the principle of non-compulsive self-incrimination in our country's legislation, drawing lessons from foreign legislative cases and related system construction, combining with the actual situation of our country, we re-examine and further study it. In judicial practice, we should fully understand the relationship between the principle of non-compulsive self-incrimination and the clause "shall answer truthfully", and properly understand and apply the clause "shall answer truthfully", which cannot make this provision an excuse for judicial personnel to extort confessions by torture; We should amend the position and expression of this principle clause in the Criminal procedure Law, raise the principle to the basic principle of criminal procedure to guide the whole criminal procedure process, avoid the inconsistency of judicial application caused by inaccurate expression; We should perfect the exception that this principle applies in our country, in order to achieve the balance between fighting crime and guaranteeing human rights; We should construct and perfect the system of this principle, from establishing the system of right to silence, strengthening the system of defense right, perfecting the system of excluding illegal evidence, perfecting the system of witness testifying. To realize the institutionalization of the principle of non-compulsive self-incrimination in our country, to avoid the inherent defects of emptiness and lack of maneuverability, which makes the principle become a dead letter in our country's law. Through the implementation of specific systems to promote the application of the principle of non-compulsive self-incrimination in our country, at the same time, the application of these systems can also guarantee the realization of the principle.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D925.2
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