立案登記制下濫用訴權行為及其規(guī)制研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-16 20:36
【摘要】：立案程序是啟動司法救濟程序的的總開關,所以立案制度的合理與否對保障當事人合法權益,實現(xiàn)司法公平、正義發(fā)揮著舉足輕重的作用。在二零一五年我國新一輪的司法改革中,立案登記制正式取代了立案審查制,得以確立。從民事立案審查制到民事立案登記制是我國民事訴訟中立案領域的重大革新,也是極具社會意義的偉大創(chuàng)舉。相較于過去的管控型立案方式,民事立案登記制意指法院收到當事人的起訴文書后,不審查起訴的實質問題,僅核對起訴狀是否符合法定的形式要件,符合要求的,法院應當?shù)怯浟�。新的服務型立案方式有利于保障當事人的訴權、提升司法公信力、化解當前我國面臨的“立案難”問題、推動我國民事訴訟結構的完善,更符合司法的本質要求。但凡事都具有兩面性,我們必須理性、客觀地對待這一制度,認識到立案登記制在降低訴訟門檻,便利當事人通過司法渠道解決糾紛的同時,在一定程度上還加大了濫用訴權的風險。最大限度地保護當事人的合法權益是立案登記制設立的立法意圖,但是當這一初衷也極易被不法分子利用陷入濫用訴權的困境。立案登記制下的濫用訴權行為,有其獨特的表現(xiàn)形式和特征,但法律沒有對立案登記制下濫用訴權行為的概念和形式加以規(guī)定,加上立案登記制下,濫用訴權行為缺乏規(guī)制、立案部門把關力度減弱、司法機關之間協(xié)調配合不足、社會誠信體系缺失、當事人法治意識淡薄等一系列立法、司法、社會原因,更加劇了濫用訴權行為的激增。權利是有邊界的,濫用訴權的行為不僅耗費應訴當事人大量的物力、財力、精力,同時也浪費寶貴的司法資源,損害司法的公正權威,擾亂社會秩序,這些都已經(jīng)觸碰了法律底線,因此必須加以規(guī)制。只有加大對濫用訴權行為的規(guī)制力度,才能使法院、公眾重新樹立對立案登記制的信心,保證立案登記制真正成為司法改革的亮點。因此,文章欲通過明晰濫用訴權行為的概念,歸納整合其可能出現(xiàn)的各類情形,從立法、司法、社會三個層面構建濫用訴權行為規(guī)制體制,以期加強對立案登記制下濫用訴權行為的規(guī)制,使保障合法權益與合法行使訴權的天平平衡,避免有限的司法資源被惡意或不當濫用,重塑創(chuàng)設該制度時的美好立法意圖。
[Abstract]:The filing procedure is the main switch to start the judicial relief procedure, so whether the filing system is reasonable or not plays an important role in the protection of the parties' legitimate rights and interests, the realization of judicial fairness and justice. In the new round of judicial reform in China in 2015, the system of filing registration has formally replaced the system of filing and examination, and has been established. From the civil filing examination system to the civil filing registration system is a major innovation in the filed field of civil litigation in China, and is also a great innovation of great social significance. Compared with the past way of filing a case under control, the civil filing registration system means that after the court receives the litigant's prosecution document, it does not examine the substance of the prosecution, but only checks whether the complaint conforms to the statutory formal requirements, and meets the requirements. The court shall register and file the case. The new service filing method is helpful to protect the litigant's right of action, promote the judicial credibility, resolve the problem of "filing case difficult" that our country is facing at present, promote the perfection of the civil litigation structure of our country, more accord with the essential request of the judicature. But there are two sides to everything. We must treat this system rationally and objectively, recognizing that the registration system reduces the threshold of litigation and facilitates the parties to settle disputes through judicial channels at the same time. To some extent, it also increases the risk of abuse of the right of action. Protecting the legitimate rights and interests of the parties to the maximum extent is the legislative intention of the establishment of the registration system, but when the original intention is also easy to be exploited by the wrongdoers to fall into the dilemma of abusing the right of action. The abuse of the right of action under the registration system has its own unique forms and characteristics, but the law does not provide for the concept and form of the abuse of the right of action under the registration system, and under the registration system, the abuse of the right of action is not regulated. A series of legislation, judicial and social reasons, such as weak supervision, insufficient coordination and coordination between judicial organs, lack of social integrity system, weak awareness of the parties' rule of law, have exacerbated the proliferation of abuse of the right of action. The abuse of the right of action not only consumes a great deal of material resources, financial resources and energy of the litigant, but also wastes valuable judicial resources, damages the just authority of the judiciary and disrupts the social order. These have touched the bottom line of the law and must be regulated. Only by strengthening the regulation of the abuse of the right of action can the court and the public re-establish their confidence in the registration system and ensure that the registration system becomes the highlight of the judicial reform. Therefore, the article intends to clarify the concept of abuse of the right of action, induces and integrates all kinds of situations that may arise, and constructs the system of regulating abuse of the right of action from three aspects: legislation, judicature and society. The aim is to strengthen the regulation of the abuse of the right of action under the registration system, to balance the balance between the protection of legitimate rights and interests and the exercise of the right of action, to avoid the malice or improper abuse of limited judicial resources, and to reshape the good legislative intention when the system is created.
【學位授予單位】：廣西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D925.1
本文編號：2244717
[Abstract]:The filing procedure is the main switch to start the judicial relief procedure, so whether the filing system is reasonable or not plays an important role in the protection of the parties' legitimate rights and interests, the realization of judicial fairness and justice. In the new round of judicial reform in China in 2015, the system of filing registration has formally replaced the system of filing and examination, and has been established. From the civil filing examination system to the civil filing registration system is a major innovation in the filed field of civil litigation in China, and is also a great innovation of great social significance. Compared with the past way of filing a case under control, the civil filing registration system means that after the court receives the litigant's prosecution document, it does not examine the substance of the prosecution, but only checks whether the complaint conforms to the statutory formal requirements, and meets the requirements. The court shall register and file the case. The new service filing method is helpful to protect the litigant's right of action, promote the judicial credibility, resolve the problem of "filing case difficult" that our country is facing at present, promote the perfection of the civil litigation structure of our country, more accord with the essential request of the judicature. But there are two sides to everything. We must treat this system rationally and objectively, recognizing that the registration system reduces the threshold of litigation and facilitates the parties to settle disputes through judicial channels at the same time. To some extent, it also increases the risk of abuse of the right of action. Protecting the legitimate rights and interests of the parties to the maximum extent is the legislative intention of the establishment of the registration system, but when the original intention is also easy to be exploited by the wrongdoers to fall into the dilemma of abusing the right of action. The abuse of the right of action under the registration system has its own unique forms and characteristics, but the law does not provide for the concept and form of the abuse of the right of action under the registration system, and under the registration system, the abuse of the right of action is not regulated. A series of legislation, judicial and social reasons, such as weak supervision, insufficient coordination and coordination between judicial organs, lack of social integrity system, weak awareness of the parties' rule of law, have exacerbated the proliferation of abuse of the right of action. The abuse of the right of action not only consumes a great deal of material resources, financial resources and energy of the litigant, but also wastes valuable judicial resources, damages the just authority of the judiciary and disrupts the social order. These have touched the bottom line of the law and must be regulated. Only by strengthening the regulation of the abuse of the right of action can the court and the public re-establish their confidence in the registration system and ensure that the registration system becomes the highlight of the judicial reform. Therefore, the article intends to clarify the concept of abuse of the right of action, induces and integrates all kinds of situations that may arise, and constructs the system of regulating abuse of the right of action from three aspects: legislation, judicature and society. The aim is to strengthen the regulation of the abuse of the right of action under the registration system, to balance the balance between the protection of legitimate rights and interests and the exercise of the right of action, to avoid the malice or improper abuse of limited judicial resources, and to reshape the good legislative intention when the system is created.
【學位授予單位】：廣西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D925.1
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