【摘要】：保全制度作為一種在實(shí)體判決作出前暫時(shí)性為被侵權(quán)人提供救濟(jì)的臨時(shí)措施,彌補(bǔ)了民事訴訟作為一種事后救濟(jì)的手段具體滯后性的不足。保全制度可以避免當(dāng)事人權(quán)益受到難以彌補(bǔ)的損失,實(shí)現(xiàn)法律正義。行為保全制度作為一項(xiàng)與財(cái)產(chǎn)保全制度同等重要的保全制度,在2012年《中華人民共和國(guó)民事訴訟法》(以下簡(jiǎn)稱《民事訴訟法》)出臺(tái)以前,一直在我國(guó)法律中不能夠普遍適用。此次新《民事訴訟法》中增設(shè)行為保全制度,填補(bǔ)了此項(xiàng)漏洞,解決了行為保全以往只能適用于特別法的尷尬境地。但是通過(guò)對(duì)新《民事訴訟法》中行為保全制度相關(guān)條文的分析,不難看出,將行為保全與財(cái)產(chǎn)保全合并規(guī)定,無(wú)法體現(xiàn)行為保全制度自身獨(dú)特性,且存在法律規(guī)范過(guò)于原則等問(wèn)題。行為保全的申請(qǐng)要件、擔(dān)保規(guī)定、審查程序、執(zhí)行程序及救濟(jì)程序也不完備,存在很多改善的空間。為了彌補(bǔ)行為保全制度程序上的不足,解決發(fā)現(xiàn)的具體問(wèn)題,行為保全制度應(yīng)當(dāng)明確申請(qǐng)要件,區(qū)分申請(qǐng)行為保全的一般要件和實(shí)質(zhì)要件。行為保全的實(shí)質(zhì)要件應(yīng)當(dāng)包括,行為保全請(qǐng)求權(quán)、行為保全的必要性和利益衡量。行為保全的擔(dān)保要特別注意反擔(dān)保的問(wèn)題。審查程序的構(gòu)建要解決審查主體問(wèn)題,明確審查的具體方式,特別是選擇書(shū)面審查方式還對(duì)席審查方式的問(wèn)題。在執(zhí)行程序中,應(yīng)明確具體執(zhí)行的措施以及執(zhí)行措施對(duì)第三人的效力問(wèn)題。在救濟(jì)程序中,完善行為保全裁定的復(fù)議程序和賠償制度。
[Abstract]:Preservation system, as a temporary measure to provide relief to infringed person before the substantive judgment is made, makes up for the deficiency of concrete lag in civil action as a means of relief after the fact. The preservation system can avoid the irreparable loss of the parties' rights and interests and realize legal justice. As an equally important preservation system as well as the property preservation system, the act preservation system was not universally applicable in Chinese law before the promulgation of the Civil procedure Law of the people's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as "the Civil procedure Law") in 2012. This new Code of Civil procedure adds the act preservation system to fill the loophole and solves the embarrassing situation that the act preservation can only be applied to the special law in the past. However, through the analysis of the relevant provisions of the Preservation system in the New Civil procedure Law, it is not difficult to see that the combination of the act preservation and the property preservation can not reflect the uniqueness of the act preservation system itself. And there are some problems such as the legal norms are too principled and so on. The application requirements, security provisions, review procedures, execution procedures and relief procedures are not complete, and there is a lot of room for improvement. In order to make up for the defects in the procedure of the act preservation system and to solve the specific problems found, the act preservation system should make clear the application requirements and distinguish the general elements and the substantive elements of the preservation of the act of application. The essential elements of act preservation should include the claim right of act preservation, the necessity of act preservation and the measure of interest. The guarantee of act preservation should pay special attention to the problem of anti-guarantee. The construction of the examination procedure should solve the subject question of the examination, make clear the concrete way of the examination, especially the question of choosing the way of the written examination and the way of examining the seats. In the enforcement procedure, the specific measures to be implemented and the effectiveness of the enforcement measures against third parties should be clarified. In the relief procedure, perfect the reconsideration procedure and the compensation system of the act preservation ruling.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D925.1

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