【摘要】：正確處理消費者群體訴訟當事人與當事人適格問題，是啟動訴訟程序，解決消費者群體糾紛的前提條件。這一問題的解決關系到當事人訴訟權利與法院裁判權的正確行使。因此，如何正確的界定消費者群體訴訟當事人適格的概念及其內涵，既具有理論上的意義，更具有實踐意義。無論是在理論上還是在司法實踐中，我國目前對消費者群體訴訟當事人適格理論研究的還不夠深入，根據(jù)傳統(tǒng)當事人適格理論建立起的群體訴訟制度存在嚴重弊端，，無法滿足當事人維護集團性、擴散性的消費權益需求，使本應受到保護的當事人得不到保護，因此有必要突破傳統(tǒng)的當事人適格理論，擴大當事人適格的范圍，借鑒國外關于消費者群體訴訟的相關立法及司法實踐。 本文第一部分就傳統(tǒng)當事人適格的概念與學史演進進行簡要的梳理與。首先，界定和區(qū)分何為當事人，以及當事人適格的內涵，并引出當事人適格的概念。其次，系統(tǒng)的梳理了傳統(tǒng)當事人適格理論的學說，就德國、日本以及美國當事人適格理論分別進行闡釋，以期對當事人適格理論的沿革有一個充分的認識。 本文第二部分介紹了消費者群體訴訟及其對傳統(tǒng)當事人適格理論的影響。首先，介紹消費者群體訴訟的概念及其特征。其次，深入分析了消費者群體訴訟的困境，就共同訴訟的不足與代表人訴訟的缺陷進行了深刻的剖析。最后，引出消費者群體訴訟的出現(xiàn)對傳統(tǒng)當事人適格理論的影響及其學說。 本文第三部分就消費者群體訴訟當事人適格擴張的必要性和可行性進行分析。首先，闡述了消費者群體訴訟當事人適格的必要性。既是管理權理論的局限性的外在需求，也是程序保障與紛爭的一次性解決二者平衡的內在必然。其次，詳細論述了當事人適格擴張的理論可行性。在訴之利益的理論基礎上對傳統(tǒng)當事人適格的擴張，并在訴訟擔當和訴訟信托基礎上建立起的消費者群體訴訟制度，使消費者群體糾紛得到高效、便捷、公正的解決成為可能。最后，還有現(xiàn)代型消費者群體訴訟的立法實踐。 本文第四部分從制度上對消費者群體訴訟當事人適格擴張進行分析。首先，介紹德國消費者團體訴訟制度，闡釋德國消費者團體訴訟的概念及其歷史發(fā)展，系統(tǒng)分析了團體訴訟制度的理論依據(jù)、訴訟前提、適用范圍及效力擴張。其次，介紹美國消費者集團訴訟制度，闡釋集團訴訟的概念與歷史發(fā)展，系統(tǒng)分析了集團訴訟的理論基礎、前提條件及適用范圍。最后，簡要分析了日本的選定當事人訴訟制度。 本文第五部分就我國消費者群體訴訟當事人適格擴張的現(xiàn)實局限性及立法司法可行性進行了綜合分析，并就擴張的意義進行了深入剖析。首先，分析了我國消費者群體訴訟當事人適格擴張的意義。其次，提出了構建我國消費者群體訴訟當事人適格的制度選擇。
[Abstract]:It is a prerequisite to start the litigation procedure and resolve the disputes between the parties and the parties. The solution of this problem is related to the correct exercise of litigant's right of action and court's right of adjudication. Therefore, how to correctly define the concept and connotation of the parties in consumer group litigation is of both theoretical and practical significance. Whether in theory or in judicial practice, the research on the theory of suiting of the parties in consumer group litigation is not deep enough in our country at present, and there are serious drawbacks in the system of group action established according to the traditional theory of party qualification. It is necessary to break through the traditional theory of party's qualification and expand the scope of party's qualification because it can not meet the demand of party's maintenance of group and diffuse consumption rights and interests, so that the party who should be protected can not be protected. Draw lessons from the relevant legislation and judicial practice of consumer group action abroad. The first part of this paper briefly combs the concept of traditional party qualification and the evolution of the history of learning. First of all, it defines and distinguishes what is a party, and the connotation of party suitability, and leads to the concept of party suitability. Secondly, it systematically combs the theory of the traditional theory of party qualification, and explains the theory of party fitness in Germany, Japan and the United States respectively, in order to have a full understanding of the evolution of the theory of party qualification. The second part introduces the consumer group action and its influence on the traditional theory of party fitness. First, introduce the concept and characteristics of consumer group action. Secondly, it deeply analyzes the plight of consumer group action, and deeply analyzes the deficiency of joint action and representative action. Finally, the influence of the emergence of consumer group action on the traditional theory of party fitness and its theory is elicited. The third part of this paper analyzes the necessity and feasibility of the expansion of consumer group litigation parties. First of all, the author expounds the necessity of suiting the litigant in consumer group litigation. It is not only the external demand of the limitation of the management right theory, but also the internal necessity of the one-off solution of the procedural guarantee and the dispute. Secondly, the theoretical feasibility of the extension of the party's suitability is discussed in detail. Based on the theory of the interests of litigation, the expansion of the traditional litigant's suitability, and the establishment of the consumer group litigation system on the basis of litigation burden and litigation trust, make it possible to solve the consumer group dispute efficiently, conveniently and justly. Finally, there is a modern consumer group litigation legislative practice. In the fourth part of this paper, the author analyzes the appropriate expansion of consumer group litigant. First of all, it introduces the German consumer group litigation system, explains the concept and historical development of German consumer group action, and systematically analyzes the theoretical basis, the litigation premise, the scope of application and the expansion of the effectiveness of the group action system. Secondly, it introduces the American consumer group litigation system, explains the concept and historical development of class action, and systematically analyzes the theoretical basis, preconditions and scope of application of class action. In the end, the author briefly analyzes the litigation system of selected parties in Japan. In the fifth part of this paper, the author makes a comprehensive analysis of the practical limitations and the legislative and judicial feasibility of the expansion of the litigants in consumer group litigation in China, and makes a thorough analysis of the significance of the expansion. First of all, the author analyzes the significance of the appropriate expansion of consumer group litigation parties in China. Secondly, it puts forward the system choice of constructing the suitably suit of consumer group litigant in our country.
【學位授予單位】：西南政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D925.12

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