再審與原判決既判力之關(guān)系研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-04 11:39
【摘要】：再審程序是對確定判決進行再審理，大多數(shù)人將再審程序?qū)τ屑扰辛Φ呐袥Q再審理視為理所當然，而如果深究便會發(fā)現(xiàn)兩者的悖論。確定判決存在著既判力，法院及當事人均受到既判力的拘束，不得聲明不服，不得再為審理。因此，對確定判決進行再審，勢必要解除原判決既判力的拘束，但是根據(jù)目前大陸法系各個國家地區(qū)的立法現(xiàn)狀，原判決的撤銷是在作出再審裁判時一并作出的。本文將解釋為何再審可以對有既判力的確定判決進行再審理。如何解除確定判決的既判力，再審程序存在三個階段，既判力的解除到底是在哪個階段，將是論述的重點。 第一部分，既判力與再審的概述。簡要介紹既判力的積極作用和消極作用，，再審的程序構(gòu)造及再審之訴的訴訟標的，指明本文所支持的觀點，為后文進一步論述做鋪墊。 第二部分，再審事由與原判決既判力正當性的關(guān)系。德國法上將再審事由分成無效事由和回復(fù)原狀事由，本文從再審事由的分類角度，比較研究再審事由對原判決既判力正當性的影響的有關(guān)學(xué)說，從而得出為何可以對存在既判力的原判決進行再審理。認定再審事由并不意味著撤銷原判決，因為再審事由的存在說明原確定判決存在程序上或?qū)嶓w上的瑕疵，有損其既判力的正當性。再審事由對原判決既判力的正當性是直接否定還是降低其價值，須根據(jù)再審事由的分類進行判斷。無效事由直接否定原判決既判力的正當性，原判決溯及性的無效。存在回復(fù)原狀事由的原判決可以通過解除既判力的消極作用，使得當事人可以再次爭取正當權(quán)益，法官可以再次受理爭議。從而得出再審事由在再審程序中的起到再審理事由的作用。 第三部分，再審理階段原判決既判力的狀態(tài)。法院認定存在再審事由，從而進入本案再審理階段，那么此時原判決既判力是處于何種狀態(tài)，有效還是無效，日本學(xué)界存在著效力暫定說和效力確定說。這兩種學(xué)說觀點與再審事由的作用、再審之訴的訴訟標的問題存在著重要關(guān)系。本文從再審事由審理階段對原判決既判力的形成性影響角度切入，提出存在無效事由的原判決既判力處于無效狀態(tài)，而回復(fù)原狀事由的原判決只有審查認定該事由與原判決既判力的不當存在因果關(guān)系時，才能撤銷原判決，即解除原判決既判力的積極作用。 第四部分，我國的再審與原判決既判力的現(xiàn)狀及協(xié)調(diào)。由于我國的再審制度與大陸法系的再審之訴不同，我國的再審程序啟動主體有三類，即檢察院、法院及當事人。本文分別三類主體對我國的再審程序構(gòu)造、再審事由以及具體程序與原判決既判力的處理存在的問題提出完善建議。
[Abstract]:The retrial procedure is to rehear the certain judgment. Most people take the retrial procedure as a matter of course for the res judicata judgment, but if we go deep into it, we will find the paradox between the two. The court and the parties are bound by res judicata. Therefore, it is necessary to release the jus judicata of the original judgment, but according to the current legislative situation of various countries in the civil law system, the revocation of the original judgment was made at the same time when the retrial decision was made. This article will explain why a retrial can rehear a definitive decision with res judicata. There are three stages in the procedure of retrial. The first part, the summary of res judicata and retrial. This paper briefly introduces the positive and negative effects of res judicata, the procedural structure of retrial and the litigation object of retrial, and points out the viewpoints supported in this paper, which will pave the way for further discussion. The second part, the relationship between the reason of retrial and the validity of res judicata. The German law divides the retrial cause into invalid cause and restitution reason. From the classification of retrial reasons, this paper compares and studies the influence of retrial cause on the validity of the res judicata of the original judgment. So we can find out why the original judgment with res judicata can be tried again. Finding the reason of retrial does not mean rescission of the original judgment, because the existence of the reason of retrial indicates that the original judgment has defects in procedure or substance, which impairs the legitimacy of its res judicata. Whether the justification of the res judicata of the original judgment is directly negated or reduced by the reason of retrial should be judged according to the classification of the reason of retrial. The reason of invalidity directly negates the validity of the res judicata of the original judgment and the invalidity of the retroactivity of the original judgment. The existence of the original judgment in reply to the original situation can relieve the negative effect of res judicata, so that the parties can fight for the legitimate rights and interests again, and the judge can accept the dispute again. So that the retrial cause in the retrial proceedings play the role of retrial reason. The third part, the state of res judicata in the stage of retrial. The court found that there is a reason for retrial, thus entering the stage of retrial of the case, so at this time whether the res judicata of the original judgment is in what state, effective or invalid, there is a tentative theory of validity and a theory of determination of validity in Japanese academic circles. There is an important relationship between these two views and the cause of retrial and the subject matter of retrial action. From the point of view of the formative influence of the retrial trial on the res judicata of the original judgment, the author puts forward that the res judicata of the original judgment with invalid reasons is in an invalid state. Only when the original judgment of reply to the original circumstances determines that there is a causal relationship between the reason and the res judicata, can the original judgment be revoked, that is, the positive effect of the original judgment on res judicata. The fourth part, our country's retrial and the original judgment res judicata present situation and the coordination. Because the retrial system of our country is different from that of the civil law system, there are three kinds of subjects to start the retrial procedure in our country, that is, the procuratorate, the court and the parties concerned. This paper puts forward some suggestions on the construction of retrial procedure, the cause of retrial and the problems in dealing with the res judicata of the specific procedure and the original judgment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D925.1
本文編號：2221986
[Abstract]:The retrial procedure is to rehear the certain judgment. Most people take the retrial procedure as a matter of course for the res judicata judgment, but if we go deep into it, we will find the paradox between the two. The court and the parties are bound by res judicata. Therefore, it is necessary to release the jus judicata of the original judgment, but according to the current legislative situation of various countries in the civil law system, the revocation of the original judgment was made at the same time when the retrial decision was made. This article will explain why a retrial can rehear a definitive decision with res judicata. There are three stages in the procedure of retrial. The first part, the summary of res judicata and retrial. This paper briefly introduces the positive and negative effects of res judicata, the procedural structure of retrial and the litigation object of retrial, and points out the viewpoints supported in this paper, which will pave the way for further discussion. The second part, the relationship between the reason of retrial and the validity of res judicata. The German law divides the retrial cause into invalid cause and restitution reason. From the classification of retrial reasons, this paper compares and studies the influence of retrial cause on the validity of the res judicata of the original judgment. So we can find out why the original judgment with res judicata can be tried again. Finding the reason of retrial does not mean rescission of the original judgment, because the existence of the reason of retrial indicates that the original judgment has defects in procedure or substance, which impairs the legitimacy of its res judicata. Whether the justification of the res judicata of the original judgment is directly negated or reduced by the reason of retrial should be judged according to the classification of the reason of retrial. The reason of invalidity directly negates the validity of the res judicata of the original judgment and the invalidity of the retroactivity of the original judgment. The existence of the original judgment in reply to the original situation can relieve the negative effect of res judicata, so that the parties can fight for the legitimate rights and interests again, and the judge can accept the dispute again. So that the retrial cause in the retrial proceedings play the role of retrial reason. The third part, the state of res judicata in the stage of retrial. The court found that there is a reason for retrial, thus entering the stage of retrial of the case, so at this time whether the res judicata of the original judgment is in what state, effective or invalid, there is a tentative theory of validity and a theory of determination of validity in Japanese academic circles. There is an important relationship between these two views and the cause of retrial and the subject matter of retrial action. From the point of view of the formative influence of the retrial trial on the res judicata of the original judgment, the author puts forward that the res judicata of the original judgment with invalid reasons is in an invalid state. Only when the original judgment of reply to the original circumstances determines that there is a causal relationship between the reason and the res judicata, can the original judgment be revoked, that is, the positive effect of the original judgment on res judicata. The fourth part, our country's retrial and the original judgment res judicata present situation and the coordination. Because the retrial system of our country is different from that of the civil law system, there are three kinds of subjects to start the retrial procedure in our country, that is, the procuratorate, the court and the parties concerned. This paper puts forward some suggestions on the construction of retrial procedure, the cause of retrial and the problems in dealing with the res judicata of the specific procedure and the original judgment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D925.1
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本文編號：2221986
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