論民事公告送達(dá)
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-01 15:08
【摘要】：民事公告送達(dá)是一項(xiàng)重要的民事送達(dá)方式,它是所有送達(dá)方式中最特殊的一種送達(dá)方式,其特殊性不僅在于其擬制、推定、補(bǔ)充等特性,更在于其本質(zhì)上是以公開的方式傳遞、送達(dá)訴訟信息。這種送達(dá)方式的存在對(duì)于緩解民事送達(dá)工作中的“送達(dá)難”起著不可估量的作用,可以說一旦啟用公告送達(dá),必定會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)送達(dá),訴訟程序就不會(huì)中斷。但是這種送達(dá)方式可能會(huì)對(duì)受送達(dá)人的正當(dāng)權(quán)益造成一定威脅,是司法公正與司法效率相互博弈下做出的矛盾選擇,慎用是其題中應(yīng)有之意。如何既保證公平又不失效率,是公告送達(dá)運(yùn)行中訴訟工作努力的課題。正當(dāng)、合理適用民事公告送達(dá),利益攸關(guān),應(yīng)是司法審判努力的方向。然而目前,我國的民事公告送達(dá)的實(shí)際運(yùn)行狀態(tài)并不樂觀。首先,立法對(duì)民事公告送達(dá)的規(guī)定很不健全,法律條文不多且規(guī)定簡略粗糙,2012年新修訂的《民事訴訟法》也未將公告送達(dá)制度的修訂提到日程上來。具體缺陷表現(xiàn)為：適用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模糊、公告方式不科學(xué)且滯后于時(shí)代的發(fā)展、公告期限不合理、公告的程序規(guī)定籠統(tǒng)、公告法律后果只字未提、不當(dāng)適用的責(zé)任承擔(dān)機(jī)制未見說明等等。其次,立法的先天漏洞反射到司法實(shí)踐中也帶來了諸多問題,當(dāng)然這與司法實(shí)踐自身也脫不開關(guān)系,與法院及辦案法官的職責(zé)意識(shí)及法律意識(shí)也不無關(guān)系。具體為：適用任意擴(kuò)大化、適用率上升、適用審查機(jī)制不健全、錯(cuò)誤適用及瑕疵適用常見、程序具體運(yùn)行缺乏可操作性、送達(dá)效果差接近“送而不達(dá)”、缺席判決率非常高,加之由于法院及法官自身原因,此類案件審判模式常常簡化。上述因素共同作用,常常會(huì)侵害當(dāng)事人尤其受送達(dá)人的權(quán)益,引發(fā)他們對(duì)訴訟審判及國家司法機(jī)關(guān)的不滿。社會(huì)上,人們對(duì)民事公告送達(dá)的反響也不好,大多比較排斥這種送達(dá)方式,一來很陌生,二來此方式經(jīng)�！扒謾�(quán)”�？傮w上,公告送達(dá)確實(shí)在一定程度上緩解了“送達(dá)難”,也有很多值得推崇的價(jià)值,但對(duì)其在立法、司法及社會(huì)中的不良訊號(hào),我們不能視而不見。改良民事公告送達(dá)制度,治其缺陷,除其弊端,從立法源頭抓起,完善法律,建構(gòu)一套合規(guī)合理的運(yùn)行機(jī)制,明確申請方舉證責(zé)任制度,建立惡意當(dāng)事人懲罰制度,貫徹合議庭嚴(yán)格審查裁定程序,落實(shí)受送達(dá)人的異議及補(bǔ)救權(quán)利,加強(qiáng)人民檢察院對(duì)民事公告送達(dá)的監(jiān)督,配以擁有較高法律素養(yǎng)、較好內(nèi)心良知的辦案人員的正當(dāng)適用,是民事公告送達(dá)的理想運(yùn)行狀態(tài),但也將是一個(gè)需要投入成本的長期任務(wù)。公告送達(dá)的缺陷、弊端及其適用中引起的負(fù)效應(yīng),嚴(yán)重時(shí),會(huì)使制度設(shè)計(jì)的初衷及價(jià)值大打折扣。這不論對(duì)立法還是司法都是一種損傷,而最終的責(zé)任承擔(dān)者、代價(jià)付出者是當(dāng)事人,是求助于法律、期盼獲得公平審判的訴訟利用者。故而,完善我國的民事公告送達(dá)制度勢在必行。
[Abstract]:The service of civil notice is an important way of civil service. It is the most special way of service in all ways of service. Its particularity lies not only in its characteristics of fiction, presumption and supplement, but also in its essence being transmitted in an open way. Service of litigation information. The existence of this service mode plays an inestimable role in alleviating the "service difficulty" in civil service work. It can be said that once public notice service is used, service will be realized, and the proceedings will not be interrupted. However, this mode of service may pose a certain threat to the legitimate rights and interests of the addressee, and it is a contradictory choice made under the mutual game of judicial justice and judicial efficiency. How to ensure both fairness and efficiency is the subject of litigation work in the operation of notice service. Proper and reasonable application of civil notice service, the interests should be the direction of judicial efforts. However, at present, the actual operation state of civil notice service in our country is not optimistic. First of all, the provisions of the legislation on the service of civil notices are not perfect, the provisions of the law are not many and rough, and the newly revised Civil procedure Law in 2012 has not put the revision of the notice service system on the agenda. The concrete defects are as follows: the applicable standard is vague, the way of announcement is unscientific and lags behind the development of the times, the time limit of the announcement is unreasonable, the procedural provisions of the announcement are general, the legal consequences of the announcement are not mentioned at all, Improper application of the accountability mechanism has not been explained and so on. Secondly, the inherent loophole of legislation also brings many problems to the judicial practice, which is also related to the judicial practice itself, and the sense of duty and legal consciousness of the court and the judge handling cases. The main contents are as follows: the application is expanded arbitrarily, the application rate is increased, the applicable examination mechanism is not perfect, the application of errors and defects is common, the concrete operation of the procedure lacks operability, the poor effect of service is close to "sending but not reaching", and the rate of default judgment is very high. In addition, due to the court and judges themselves, this kind of trial mode is often simplified. Together, these factors often infringe upon the rights and interests of the parties, especially the addressee, and cause their dissatisfaction with the litigation, trial and national judicial organs. In the society, people's response to civil notice service is not good, most of them reject this service way, one is very strange, the other is often "tort". On the whole, notice service does alleviate the difficulty of service to some extent, and has a lot of value, but we can not ignore its bad signals in legislation, judicature and society. To improve the system of civil notice service, to cure its defects, to remove its drawbacks, to start from the source of legislation, to perfect the law, to construct a set of compliance and reasonable operation mechanism, to clarify the system of the applicant's burden of proof, and to establish the system of punishment of malicious parties. To implement the collegial panel's strict examination and adjudication procedures, to implement the rights of the addressee to object and remedy, to strengthen the supervision of the people's procuratorate on the service of civil public notices, and to match the proper application of the case handlers with higher legal literacy and a better inner conscience, It is the ideal operation state of civil notice service, but it will also be a long-term task with input cost. The defects, drawbacks and negative effects in the application of notice service will greatly reduce the original intention and value of the system design. This is a kind of injury to both legislation and judicature, and the ultimate duty bearers, who pay the price, are the litigants who turn to the law and hope to get a fair trial. Therefore, it is imperative to perfect our civil notice service system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D925.1
本文編號(hào)：2217568
[Abstract]:The service of civil notice is an important way of civil service. It is the most special way of service in all ways of service. Its particularity lies not only in its characteristics of fiction, presumption and supplement, but also in its essence being transmitted in an open way. Service of litigation information. The existence of this service mode plays an inestimable role in alleviating the "service difficulty" in civil service work. It can be said that once public notice service is used, service will be realized, and the proceedings will not be interrupted. However, this mode of service may pose a certain threat to the legitimate rights and interests of the addressee, and it is a contradictory choice made under the mutual game of judicial justice and judicial efficiency. How to ensure both fairness and efficiency is the subject of litigation work in the operation of notice service. Proper and reasonable application of civil notice service, the interests should be the direction of judicial efforts. However, at present, the actual operation state of civil notice service in our country is not optimistic. First of all, the provisions of the legislation on the service of civil notices are not perfect, the provisions of the law are not many and rough, and the newly revised Civil procedure Law in 2012 has not put the revision of the notice service system on the agenda. The concrete defects are as follows: the applicable standard is vague, the way of announcement is unscientific and lags behind the development of the times, the time limit of the announcement is unreasonable, the procedural provisions of the announcement are general, the legal consequences of the announcement are not mentioned at all, Improper application of the accountability mechanism has not been explained and so on. Secondly, the inherent loophole of legislation also brings many problems to the judicial practice, which is also related to the judicial practice itself, and the sense of duty and legal consciousness of the court and the judge handling cases. The main contents are as follows: the application is expanded arbitrarily, the application rate is increased, the applicable examination mechanism is not perfect, the application of errors and defects is common, the concrete operation of the procedure lacks operability, the poor effect of service is close to "sending but not reaching", and the rate of default judgment is very high. In addition, due to the court and judges themselves, this kind of trial mode is often simplified. Together, these factors often infringe upon the rights and interests of the parties, especially the addressee, and cause their dissatisfaction with the litigation, trial and national judicial organs. In the society, people's response to civil notice service is not good, most of them reject this service way, one is very strange, the other is often "tort". On the whole, notice service does alleviate the difficulty of service to some extent, and has a lot of value, but we can not ignore its bad signals in legislation, judicature and society. To improve the system of civil notice service, to cure its defects, to remove its drawbacks, to start from the source of legislation, to perfect the law, to construct a set of compliance and reasonable operation mechanism, to clarify the system of the applicant's burden of proof, and to establish the system of punishment of malicious parties. To implement the collegial panel's strict examination and adjudication procedures, to implement the rights of the addressee to object and remedy, to strengthen the supervision of the people's procuratorate on the service of civil public notices, and to match the proper application of the case handlers with higher legal literacy and a better inner conscience, It is the ideal operation state of civil notice service, but it will also be a long-term task with input cost. The defects, drawbacks and negative effects in the application of notice service will greatly reduce the original intention and value of the system design. This is a kind of injury to both legislation and judicature, and the ultimate duty bearers, who pay the price, are the litigants who turn to the law and hope to get a fair trial. Therefore, it is imperative to perfect our civil notice service system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D925.1
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條
1 劉宗粵;吳雪平;;網(wǎng)上公告送達(dá)——以民事訴訟為視角[J];法制與社會(huì);2013年08期
2 黃良友;文庭婷;;網(wǎng)上公告送達(dá)制度研究[J];吉首大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2013年01期
3 陳春喜;;淺談民事訴訟公告送達(dá)的缺陷與完善[J];法制與社會(huì);2012年06期
4 張浩;孫龍珍;;對(duì)法院缺席判決及公告送達(dá)監(jiān)督缺失的思考[J];中國檢察官;2011年20期
5 王華婷;;我國民事公告送達(dá)制度現(xiàn)狀及完善[J];法制與社會(huì);2011年11期
6 黃廷旺;楊長安;;離婚案件中適用公告送達(dá)的缺陷與完善[J];法制與社會(huì);2010年36期
7 林釩;;論我國公告送達(dá)制度的完善[J];韶關(guān)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2010年01期
8 易萍;胡思博;;論公告送達(dá)對(duì)當(dāng)事人訴訟權(quán)利的保障與阻礙[J];公民與法(法學(xué)版);2009年09期
9 王琦;;離婚案件公告送達(dá)弊端及完善[J];黑龍江史志;2009年16期
10 趙友新;;民事公告送達(dá)的實(shí)踐困惑與價(jià)值實(shí)現(xiàn)的路徑選擇[J];法律適用;2009年05期
，本文編號(hào)：2217568
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/falvlunwen/susongfa/2217568.html
最近更新
教材專著
