本文選題：口供 + 坦白從寬��； 參考：《南京大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：犯罪嫌疑人、被告人供述作為一種直接證據(jù),對案件的快速偵破以及準確定罪量刑都具有重大價值,因此刑事偵查與審判實踐中司法機關(guān)對犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的供述有著相當大的依賴。然而一方面出于趨利避害的本能以及犯罪后的僥幸心理,犯罪嫌疑人往往不愿供述或者容易做出虛假供述；另一方面新刑事訴訟法的修改進一步從程序上限制了司法人員的權(quán)力,二者都加大了口供獲取難度。在保障犯罪嫌疑人、被告人基本權(quán)益的前提下,司法機關(guān)該如何有效激勵犯罪嫌疑人作出供述,并最終高效、合法地獲取口供成為本文研究的出發(fā)點。為了鼓勵犯罪嫌疑人供述,各法治國家都在獲取犯罪嫌疑人、被告人口供方面進行了積極探索,辯訴交易、規(guī)避米蘭達規(guī)則、作證豁免制度都是在獲取犯罪嫌疑人、被告人口供上很好的嘗試。我國立法明文規(guī)定了自首、立功制度來鼓勵犯罪嫌疑人供述；新刑法、刑事訴訟法也將坦白從寬正式寫入法律,充分鼓勵犯罪嫌疑人供述；司法實踐中各級司法機關(guān)也多有創(chuàng)舉,典型的如“綦江彩虹橋坍塌案”的疑似辯訴交易行為。但在實踐中,自首、立功、坦白制度不僅沒有充分發(fā)揮應(yīng)有的效果,而且產(chǎn)生了不同程度的“副作用”；三種制度本身在從寬幅度的銜接上也存在一些問題；因為立法本身的缺失,實踐中各種創(chuàng)舉更是于法無據(jù)。因此,系統(tǒng)的探索并構(gòu)建我國的口供獲取激勵機制,對于解決實踐中存在的口供難問題意義重大。在梳理我國法律規(guī)定及司法實踐相關(guān)做法的基礎(chǔ)上,文章重點分析了現(xiàn)有口供獲取制度存在的問題,并引入馬斯洛需要理論分析激勵供述機制的制度框架,主張構(gòu)建一個包括激勵機制與保障機制在內(nèi)的口供獲取制度,希望對構(gòu)建我國的口供獲取激勵機制有所裨益。文章共分為六個部分。第一部分是問題的提出。文章通過綦江彩虹橋垮塌案的爭議引出我國司法實踐中口供獲取存在的問題。以綦江彩虹橋坍塌案為例,在法律沒有明文規(guī)定的情況下,為了證明受賄事實的存在,檢察機關(guān)對與其合作的行賄人的行賄罪免于起訴。該案的做法是我國口供獲取激勵機制一次很好的司法實踐,但同時也產(chǎn)生了巨大的爭議：鼓勵犯罪嫌疑人供述在情理之中,那么如何讓這些做法也在法理之中?第二部分是研究的必要性。文章分析了口供重要性與口供獲取難這一矛盾命題。在這一矛盾命題下,探討激勵供述機制的構(gòu)建很有必要。第三部分是激勵供述機制的內(nèi)涵。文章依次分析了激勵供述的定義以及影響當事人供述的因素；激勵供述機制的定義與激勵供述機制的構(gòu)成：激勵機制、保障機制；從法律角度界定口供的自愿性程度。第四部分是激勵供述機制的理論探討。主要是激勵供述機制的理論基礎(chǔ)與制度價值。激勵供述機制的理論基礎(chǔ)分為正當性理論與可行性理論,正當性理論包括恢復性司法、重新融合性恥辱理論、和諧社會;可行性理論,文章引入了馬斯洛需要理論探討激勵供述機制的構(gòu)建。激勵供述機制主要有三個制度價值：一是可以探索新的口供獲取方式,遏制刑訊逼供這一頑疾；二是在與司法機關(guān)的互動中引導當事人悔罪認罪,更好的復歸社會,實現(xiàn)刑法的一般預防與特殊預防；三是通過口供這一載體,更好的評估犯罪嫌疑人的人身危險性,實現(xiàn)量刑正義。第五部分是我國激勵供述機制的立法考察。一是梳理了我國既有的自首、立功與坦白制度；二是分析了這些制度存在的問題；三是從激勵機制與保障機制視角分析現(xiàn)有制度對犯罪嫌疑人鼓勵作用的不足。第六部分是激勵供述機制在我國的具體構(gòu)建。一是激勵制度層面,要以明確的法律規(guī)定來體現(xiàn)對犯罪嫌疑人的如實供述的鼓勵；二是保障機制層面,要兌現(xiàn)司法承諾、加強對犯罪嫌疑人及其家屬的保護、發(fā)展訊問科學,提高審訊技巧。
[Abstract]:As a direct evidence , the confession of the suspect and the defendant is of great value to the quick detection of the case and the accurate conviction .
On the other hand , the amendment of the new criminal procedure law further restricts the judicial personnel ' s power from the procedure . Both of them increase the difficulty of obtaining the confession . In order to encourage the suspects and the defendants to provide the basic rights and interests , how to effectively motivate the criminal suspects to make a statement and eventually efficiently and legitimately acquire the confession becomes the starting point of the study . In order to encourage the criminal suspects to supply , the State of the rule of law has made a good attempt to obtain the criminal suspects and defendants .
The new criminal law , criminal procedure law will also be frank and formally written into the law , fully encourage the criminal suspect to supply ;
The judicial organs at all levels in the judicial practice also have an initiative , typical such as the " Qijiang Rainbow Bridge Collapse " suspected of the transaction behavior . But in practice , the self - first , based work , the frank system not only give full play to the due effect , but also produce different degree of " side effect " ;
There are some problems in the cohesion of the three systems themselves .
This paper analyzes the existing problems in our country ' s judicial practice and puts forward the system framework including the incentive mechanism and the safeguard mechanism , and advocates the construction of an oral confession system including the incentive mechanism and the safeguard mechanism .
The definition of incentive and supply mechanism and the structure of incentive and supply mechanism : incentive mechanism and safeguard mechanism ;
The fourth part is the theoretical foundation and the system value of the incentive and supply mechanism . The theory foundation of the incentive and supply mechanism is divided into the theory of legitimacy and the feasibility theory , the legitimacy theory includes restorative justice , re - integration shame theory and harmonious society ; the feasibility theory , the article introduces Maslow ' s need theory to discuss the construction of incentive and supply mechanism .
Second , in the interaction with the judiciary , the party should guide the crime of repentance , better return to society , and realize the general prevention and special prevention of criminal law ;
Third , through oral confession of the carrier , it is better to evaluate the personal danger of the criminal suspect and realize the justice of sentencing . The fifth part is the legislative examination of the mechanism of incentive and supply in our country .
The second is the analysis of the problems existing in these systems ;
The third is to analyze the deficiency of the existing system from the perspective of the incentive mechanism and the safeguard mechanism . The sixth part is to stimulate the specific construction of the confession mechanism in our country .
The second is to guarantee the institutional level , to fulfill the judicial commitment , to strengthen the protection of the criminal suspects and their families , to develop interrogation science , and to improve the interrogation techniques .
【學位授予單位】：南京大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D925.2

【共引文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

1 董書關(guān);劉操;;《刑法修正案(八)》坦白制度的理解與適用[J];華東政法大學學報;2013年02期

2 王宇展;黃伯青;;“坦白從寬”入律之法理研究與實踐操作[J];政治與法律;2012年02期

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本文編號：1946422