本文選題：民事執(zhí)行瑕疵拍賣 + 效力��； 參考：《西南政法大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：民事執(zhí)行瑕疵拍賣普遍存在于我國現(xiàn)階段司法實(shí)踐中，然而，我國的立法對(duì)于民事執(zhí)行瑕疵拍賣的相關(guān)問題涉及鮮少，對(duì)其效力認(rèn)定模糊、救濟(jì)機(jī)制的適用范圍界定也過于狹窄，《關(guān)于人民法院民事執(zhí)行中拍賣、變賣財(cái)產(chǎn)的規(guī)定2》中規(guī)定了法院有權(quán)對(duì)拍賣過程進(jìn)行監(jiān)督，以及委托相關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)拍賣財(cái)產(chǎn)進(jìn)行評(píng)估，保留拍賣財(cái)產(chǎn)的最低價(jià)格的權(quán)利，但缺乏對(duì)民事執(zhí)行瑕疵拍賣如何救濟(jì)的相關(guān)問題的規(guī)定，這一部分在當(dāng)前實(shí)務(wù)中處理的方式紛繁復(fù)雜，因此為了使民事法律規(guī)范對(duì)民事執(zhí)行的規(guī)定更加完善和統(tǒng)一當(dāng)前實(shí)務(wù)中的處理方式，樹立司法權(quán)威和保護(hù)權(quán)利人的合法利益，明確具體的民事執(zhí)行瑕疵拍賣救濟(jì)方法顯得尤為重要。由于民事執(zhí)行拍賣法律關(guān)系的復(fù)雜性，權(quán)利不僅可能面臨來自權(quán)力機(jī)關(guān)的侵蝕，也可能會(huì)遭受到平等民事主體的惡意侵害，這可以從民事執(zhí)行拍賣存在違法拍賣、不當(dāng)拍賣等得到印證。因而，在民事執(zhí)行拍賣程序進(jìn)行中以及程序結(jié)束后，如何實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)權(quán)利的救濟(jì)顯得緊迫和必要，實(shí)踐中多采取的是非正式的信訪申訴程序進(jìn)行救濟(jì)。這樣對(duì)關(guān)乎當(dāng)事人及利害關(guān)系人權(quán)利義務(wù)關(guān)系的內(nèi)容無跡可循，勢必會(huì)造成對(duì)當(dāng)事人和利害關(guān)系人權(quán)利的侵害，為了維護(hù)其合法權(quán)益，使得權(quán)利不會(huì)因?yàn)槌绦蛏系牟煌晟贫艿綋p害，有必要對(duì)我國有關(guān)民事執(zhí)行瑕疵拍賣的相關(guān)立法進(jìn)行填補(bǔ)。本文以對(duì)民事執(zhí)行瑕疵拍賣的內(nèi)涵界定與具體表現(xiàn)類型為切入點(diǎn)，立足于我國現(xiàn)行的民事訴訟立法框架與理論界關(guān)于民事執(zhí)行瑕疵拍賣效力認(rèn)定與其所對(duì)應(yīng)救濟(jì)機(jī)制的研究現(xiàn)狀，綜合域外兩大法系對(duì)相關(guān)理論與制度的研究成果，從而展開對(duì)民事執(zhí)行瑕疵拍賣效力及其救濟(jì)相關(guān)問題的研究，并對(duì)我國民事執(zhí)行瑕疵拍賣救濟(jì)機(jī)制的完善提出了一定的建議。 除了引言與結(jié)語外，本文主要由五個(gè)部分組成： 第一部分，對(duì)民事執(zhí)行瑕疵拍賣的內(nèi)涵及性質(zhì)做基本的界定。通過對(duì)國內(nèi)有關(guān)學(xué)者對(duì)民事執(zhí)行瑕疵拍賣相關(guān)概念的比較總結(jié)及性質(zhì)的梳理，筆者將民事執(zhí)行瑕疵拍賣概括性界定為：民事執(zhí)行拍賣違背法律規(guī)定的要件、程序或方法，或者民事執(zhí)行拍賣行為雖然符合法律規(guī)定，但拍賣結(jié)果不符合債權(quán)人在實(shí)體法上的權(quán)利關(guān)系，，這種民事執(zhí)行拍賣行為稱為民事執(zhí)行瑕疵拍賣。從而確定了本文所探討的民事執(zhí)行瑕疵拍賣的內(nèi)涵及研究其效力與救濟(jì)機(jī)制所立足的基本視角； 第二部分，民事執(zhí)行瑕疵拍賣的效力認(rèn)定。執(zhí)行拍賣在本質(zhì)上屬于公法上的法律行為，其效力實(shí)際上也是一種法律的保護(hù)或約束，但相較于私法行為在法律保護(hù)或約束的內(nèi)容上則體現(xiàn)更多的公法性及強(qiáng)制力�；诿袷聢�(zhí)行行為和當(dāng)事人行為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，本文從效力角度將民事執(zhí)行瑕疵拍賣類型化為違法拍賣和不當(dāng)拍賣。違法執(zhí)行拍賣是對(duì)于執(zhí)行拍賣程序不合法而導(dǎo)致的拍賣結(jié)果上的否定性評(píng)價(jià)，但是并非所有違法拍賣一定導(dǎo)致無效的拍賣效力，只有在程序嚴(yán)重違反法律時(shí)，且必須在法定期間內(nèi)提出的，才可能被認(rèn)定為無效。不當(dāng)執(zhí)行拍賣是因?yàn)椴痪哂袑?shí)體權(quán)利基礎(chǔ)，但根據(jù)執(zhí)行拍賣的公法效力，拍賣有效，受侵害權(quán)利主體可依拍賣救濟(jì)程序進(jìn)行權(quán)利救濟(jì)； 第三部分，綜合比較研究了域外兩大法系關(guān)于民事執(zhí)行救濟(jì)機(jī)制立法的基本情況。通過對(duì)域外兩大法系幾個(gè)主要國家和地區(qū)的有關(guān)立法比較研究以及綜合評(píng)價(jià)，希望對(duì)建立我國民事執(zhí)行瑕疵拍賣救濟(jì)機(jī)制有所裨益，結(jié)合我國本土的法律文化傳統(tǒng)及立法現(xiàn)狀，吸收域外相關(guān)制度之合理性方面來不斷深化和完善我國瑕疵拍賣救濟(jì)的理論與實(shí)務(wù)研究； 第四部分，針對(duì)我國現(xiàn)行立法和司法實(shí)踐中的民事執(zhí)行瑕疵拍賣進(jìn)行分析研究。本部分主要探討了我國對(duì)瑕疵拍賣救濟(jì)機(jī)制的立法狀況及實(shí)務(wù)操作的基本情況，并將研究視角聚焦于瑕疵拍賣救濟(jì)機(jī)制現(xiàn)有狀況之各層面出現(xiàn)的問題，結(jié)合國內(nèi)外有關(guān)救濟(jì)機(jī)制的理論成果，分析我國立法中對(duì)于民事執(zhí)行瑕疵拍賣相關(guān)配套制度的缺失狀況，以及制定一系列瑕疵拍賣救濟(jì)機(jī)制配套措施的正當(dāng)性與必要性； 第五部分，基于前述的研究結(jié)論，從違法拍賣與不當(dāng)拍賣兩個(gè)層面入手，對(duì)完善我國民事執(zhí)行瑕疵拍賣救濟(jì)機(jī)制提出了相應(yīng)配套程序的構(gòu)思與設(shè)想，以期對(duì)我國民事執(zhí)行瑕疵拍賣救濟(jì)機(jī)制的縱深研究貢獻(xiàn)綿薄之力。
[Abstract]:The defective auction of civil execution is common in the current judicial practice of our country. However, there are few related issues in the legislation of the civil execution defect auction in our country. The identification of its effectiveness is vague and the scope of the application of relief mechanism is too narrow. The provisions of the regulations on the civil execution of the people's court in the civil execution of the auction and the sale of property are stipulated in 2>. The court has the right to supervise the process of the auction, and to entrust the relevant agencies to assess the property of the auction and retain the right to the lowest price of the auction property, but there is a lack of relevant provisions on how to remedy the defective auction of civil execution. This part is complicated in the current practice. It is particularly important that the provisions of the civil enforcement of civil execution are more perfect and unified, and the legal interests of the judicial authority and the protection of the rights of the rights holders are set up, and the specific relief method of the civil execution defect auction is particularly important. It may also suffer from the malicious infringement of the equal civil subject, which can be confirmed from illegal auctions and improper auctions in civil execution auctions. Therefore, it is urgent and necessary to realize the relief of rights in civil execution auction and after the end of the procedure. In practice, the informal petition claims are adopted in practice. There is no trace in the content of the rights and obligations of the parties and the interested parties, which will cause the infringement of the rights of the parties and the interests of the interested parties. In order to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests, the rights will not be damaged because of the imperfect procedures, and it is necessary to make a pat on the civil execution defects in our country. The relevant legislation of the sale is filled. This article is based on the current civil litigation legislative framework and theoretical circles in China on the status of the validity of the civil execution defect auction and the corresponding relief mechanism of the civil execution defect auction. The two legal systems outside the country are based on the relevant theory. The research results of the system and the research on the validity of the civil execution defect auction and the relief related issues are carried out, and some suggestions are made for the improvement of the remedy mechanism of the civil execution defect auction in our country.
In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper consists of five parts:
The first part is the basic definition of the connotation and nature of the civil execution defective auction. Through the comparison and summary of the related concepts of civil execution defective auction in China, the author defines the civil execution defect auction as: the civil execution auction violates the legal requirements, procedures or methods, or Although the civil execution auction is in accordance with the law, the result of the auction does not conform to the creditor's right relationship in the substantive law. This kind of civil execution auction is called the civil execution defect auction, which determines the connotation of the civil execution defect auction discussed in this article and the basic perspective of the study of its effectiveness and relief mechanism.
The second part, the validity of the civil execution defective auction. The execution of the auction is essentially a legal act on the public law. Its effectiveness is actually a legal protection or constraint, but it embodies more public law and coercion than the act of private law in the content of legal protection or restraint. According to the standard of behavior, this article makes the civil execution defect auction type into illegal auction and improper auction from the perspective of effectiveness. Illegal execution auction is a negative evaluation on the results of auction resulting from the illegal execution of the auction procedure, but not all illegal auctions will result in invalid auction effect. Only in the procedure, the law violates the law seriously. When, and must be put forward in the legal period, it may be regarded as invalid. Improper execution of the auction is because it does not have the basis of substantive rights, but the auction is valid and the auction is effective. The subject of the infringed right can be remedied in accordance with the relief procedure of the auction.
In the third part, the basic situation of the legislation of the civil execution relief mechanism in the two foreign countries is compared and comparatively studied. Through the comparative study and the comprehensive evaluation of the relevant legislation of several major countries and regions in the two major legal systems abroad, we hope to be beneficial to the establishment of the remedy mechanism of the civil execution defect auction in our country, and combine the law of our country with the law of China. The theoretical and practical research on defective auction relief has been deepened and perfected by the legal culture tradition and legislation status and absorbing the rationality of extraterritorial related systems.
The fourth part analyzes the civil execution defect auction in China's current legislation and judicial practice. This part mainly discusses the basic situation of the legislative and practical operation of the remedy mechanism for the defective auction in China, and focuses on the problems arising from the various aspects of the existing conditions of the remedy mechanism of the defective auction. In accordance with the theoretical results of the relief mechanism at home and abroad, this paper analyzes the lack of relevant supporting systems for civil execution defective auction in China's legislation and the justification and necessity of establishing a series of supporting measures for the remedy mechanism of defective auction.
The fifth part, based on the previous research conclusions, starts with the two aspects of illegal auction and improper auction, and puts forward the conception and tentative plan for improving the remedy mechanism of civil execution defective auction in our country, with a view to contributing to the deep research on the remedy mechanism of civil execution in China.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D925.18

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