本文選題：監(jiān)所 + 巡視制度　； 參考：《天津商業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：“尊重和保障人權(quán)”這一基本概念自我國憲法修訂以來一直規(guī)定在憲法原則中,隨后的2012年刑事訴訟法修改也將此概念正式寫入刑事訴訟法原則,這一概念的強(qiáng)調(diào)意味著當(dāng)公權(quán)力限制公民權(quán)利時(shí),應(yīng)該依法運(yùn)用權(quán)力,切不可違背法治。盡管我國改革開放三十多年,監(jiān)所也歷經(jīng)了種種改革,但是,這些改革都是局限在監(jiān)所制度的傳統(tǒng)框架中。監(jiān)所巡視制度作為一種外部監(jiān)督模式,通過引入社會力量,來監(jiān)督羈押機(jī)關(guān)行使監(jiān)督的責(zé)任和權(quán)力,將有助于確保被羈押人員的人權(quán)得到保障、待遇得到符合法律規(guī)定的保護(hù)。我國于2012年《中華人民共和國刑事訴訟法》第五十條增加了關(guān)于“禁止刑訊逼供”的規(guī)定,這正是我國抑制酷刑、保障人權(quán)的生動體現(xiàn)。實(shí)踐證明,建立外部監(jiān)督制度是解決監(jiān)所人權(quán)問題的有效手段。監(jiān)所巡視能夠有效防止原有的司法內(nèi)部監(jiān)督模式中出現(xiàn)的腐敗問題、人權(quán)問題,并且該制度在試點(diǎn)過程中已取得階段性成功。司法程序內(nèi)的權(quán)力監(jiān)督是普遍性的監(jiān)督方式,在傳統(tǒng)司法程序內(nèi),監(jiān)督主體也常常限定在特定的監(jiān)督機(jī)關(guān),這些監(jiān)督機(jī)關(guān)同樣也由司法系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部或者行政系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部制約,這樣的內(nèi)部監(jiān)督方式往往會導(dǎo)致其無法進(jìn)行全面、有效的監(jiān)督。我國對遼源市實(shí)施監(jiān)所巡視試點(diǎn):由社會公眾代表對監(jiān)所的環(huán)境、設(shè)施和被羈押人員權(quán)利的保障情況進(jìn)行不定期的獨(dú)立探訪,察看并了解監(jiān)所的真實(shí)情況。試點(diǎn)中實(shí)現(xiàn)了對監(jiān)所和被羈押人員的全方位、持續(xù)性的監(jiān)督。從試點(diǎn)的結(jié)果來看,這種外部監(jiān)督的新模式,能夠彌補(bǔ)當(dāng)前監(jiān)所單一內(nèi)部監(jiān)督模式所造成的公權(quán)力機(jī)關(guān)“自己監(jiān)督自己”的弊端。從遼源市的監(jiān)所巡視試點(diǎn)的成效可以看到,社會公眾參與司法監(jiān)督雖然與傳統(tǒng)的監(jiān)督制度有較大差異,但這種新的監(jiān)督模式無疑取得了良好效果。在當(dāng)前司法改革的背景下,不僅要完善當(dāng)前司法制度存在的缺陷,還應(yīng)當(dāng)將社會公眾的監(jiān)督納入到當(dāng)前的監(jiān)督體系中去。監(jiān)所巡視制度的開展可以讓社會公眾以“監(jiān)督者”的身份參與到司法的運(yùn)行過程中去,一方面,社會公眾的行為本身就是司法制度規(guī)范的對象;另一方面,在制度運(yùn)行的過程中,社會公眾又參與到司法的過程中,可以防止公職人員濫用職權(quán)而侵犯公眾利益。監(jiān)所巡視制度相較于傳統(tǒng)監(jiān)督模式最大不同在于,這種監(jiān)督模式將社會公眾單獨(dú)作為一方監(jiān)督主體,讓社會公眾行使一定的監(jiān)督權(quán),監(jiān)督羈押場所內(nèi)的公權(quán)力運(yùn)作狀況,以杜絕酷刑、刑訊逼供、超期羈押等現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生,這種充分調(diào)動社會公眾積極性的能動司法方式,有助于修復(fù)社會公眾與國家羈押機(jī)關(guān)之間的緊張關(guān)系,使政治國家與公民社會和諧相處,從而達(dá)到社會治理的良好狀態(tài)。
[Abstract]:The basic concept of "respecting and protecting human rights" has been stipulated in the constitutional principles since the amendment of the Constitution of our country, and the subsequent revision of the Criminal procedure Law in 2012 has also formally written the concept into the principles of Criminal procedure Law. The emphasis of this concept means that when public power limits civil rights, power should be exercised according to law and must not violate the rule of law. Although China's reform and opening up for more than 30 years, the prison institutions have also undergone a variety of reforms, but these reforms are confined to the traditional framework of the prison system. As a mode of external supervision, the institution inspection system will help to ensure the protection of the human rights of detainees and the protection of treatment in accordance with the law by introducing social forces to supervise the exercise of supervision responsibilities and powers by the custody organs. In 2012, Article 50 of the Criminal procedure Law of the people's Republic of China added the "prohibition of extorting confessions by torture", which is a vivid embodiment of the suppression of torture and the protection of human rights in China. Practice has proved that the establishment of external supervision system is an effective means to solve human rights problems. The inspection of the institution can effectively prevent the corruption and human rights problems in the original internal judicial supervision mode, and the system has been successful in the process of trial. The power supervision within the judicial procedure is a universal way of supervision. In the traditional judicial procedure, the subject of supervision is often limited to a specific supervisory organ. These supervisory organs are also restricted by the internal judicial system or the internal administrative system. This kind of internal supervision will often lead to its failure to conduct comprehensive and effective supervision. Our country carries on the prison inspection pilot to the Liaoyuan city: the social public representative carries on the indefinite independent visit to the prison environment, the facility and the detainee's rights guarantee situation, inspects and understands the real situation of the prison. In the pilot project, the full-directional and continuous supervision of the prison and the detainees has been realized. According to the results of the experiment, this new mode of external supervision can make up for the malpractice of the public power organs "supervising themselves" caused by the single internal supervision mode. It can be seen from the effectiveness of the inspection experiment in Liaoyuan City that the social public participation in judicial supervision is quite different from the traditional supervision system, but this new mode of supervision has undoubtedly achieved good results. Under the background of the current judicial reform, not only the defects of the current judicial system should be perfected, but also the supervision of the public should be brought into the current supervision system. The development of the institution inspection system can enable the public to participate in the operation of the judicial process as "supervisors". On the one hand, the behavior of the public is itself the object of the norms of the judicial system; on the other hand, In the process of system operation, public participation in the process of judicature can prevent public officials from abusing their power and encroaching on public interests. The biggest difference between the inspection system of the prison and the traditional supervision mode is that this supervision mode takes the social public as the main body of supervision on one side, lets the public exercise certain supervisory power, and supervises the operation of the public power in the place of detention. In order to put an end to torture, extort confessions by torture, extend detention and other phenomena, this active judicial method, which fully arouses the enthusiasm of the public, will help to repair the tense relationship between the public and the state custody organs. Make the political state and civil society live in harmony, so as to achieve a good state of social governance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津商業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D925.2

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本文編號：1799332