發(fā)布時間：2018-03-06 01:08

  本文選題：自由心證　切入點：經(jīng)驗法則　出處：《山東大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：自由心證制度將判斷證據(jù)證明力的任務(wù)交給法官,使法官在相對自由的狀態(tài)下,對證據(jù)證明力的有無、大小予以認定。世界上多數(shù)國家都已在不同程度上接受了自由心證的思想。而且,無論是大陸法系國家還是英美法系國家,其法律對法官判斷證據(jù)的活動都不是毫無規(guī)制的。我國目前采用的證據(jù)制度也屬于自由心證的范疇,我們強調(diào)的是實事求是原則,是具體問題具體分析,而且我國法官在運用證據(jù)認定案件事實時確實具有很大的自由度。對證據(jù)裁判方式的再界定是我國的證據(jù)制度改革所要解決的重要問題之一。無論采用何種改革方案,其根本目標都應(yīng)該是為了提高證明活動的準確性和科學性。正是在這一意義上,本文選擇對自由心證制度進行研究,并就自由心證制度在我國規(guī)制和完善進行了一些反思。本文主要分為五個部分。第一部分為自由心證的基本內(nèi)涵。主要就自由心證的含義理解及產(chǎn)生與發(fā)展進程予以闡述。第二部分為自由心證的訴訟法之基礎(chǔ)分析。理清自由心證的含義及產(chǎn)生與發(fā)展的脈絡(luò)有利于正確、全面理解自由心證制度的理論基礎(chǔ),從而為全面構(gòu)建自由心證制度打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。為此,本部分從辨證唯物主義認識論、經(jīng)驗法則與邏輯規(guī)則以及訴訟法的模糊性認識這四個角度來論述自由心證在訴訟法領(lǐng)域的法理基礎(chǔ)。第三部分主要是對兩大法系自由心證證據(jù)制度進行比較研究。透過對國外自由心證證據(jù)制度的歷史和規(guī)制方式之比較分析,為我國自由心證制度的規(guī)劃化提供了借鑒意義。第四部分針對我國司法體制下自由心證的現(xiàn)實困境入手,進而分析其原因。主要從自由心證在我國的實踐狀況和我國構(gòu)建自由心證制度存在的難題兩個方面進行闡述。主要列舉了自由心證在我國司法實踐中存在的問題及其立法現(xiàn)狀。在此筆者主張：我們對待自由心證制度的態(tài)度,不應(yīng)該是回避和拒絕,而應(yīng)在予以認可的前提下進一步規(guī)制和完善這一制度適用的相關(guān)制度和機制,構(gòu)建適合我國國情的自由心證制度。第五部分為我國自由心證證據(jù)制度規(guī)范化的基本思考。立足于我國當今基本國情,主要從證據(jù)模式、司法環(huán)境、具體保障措施三個方面進行闡述,并就有關(guān)內(nèi)容提出了自己的構(gòu)想。主張建立自由心證制度與證據(jù)規(guī)則相結(jié)合的證據(jù)制度、主張對自由心證加以立法確認、主張完善證據(jù)規(guī)則體系以及提高法官綜合素質(zhì),完善判決書理由說明制度等,為我國構(gòu)建和規(guī)范自由心證證據(jù)作出貢獻。
[Abstract]:The system of free evidence gives the judge the task of judging the power of proof of evidence, so that the judge can have or not the power of proof of evidence in a relatively free state. Size is determined. Most countries in the world have accepted the idea of free testimony to varying degrees. And, whether it is a civil law country or a common law country, The evidence system currently used in our country also belongs to the category of free evidence. What we emphasize is the principle of seeking truth from facts and the concrete analysis of concrete problems. Moreover, judges in our country do have great freedom in using evidence to determine the facts of a case. Redefining the way of evidence adjudication is one of the important problems to be solved in the reform of the evidence system in our country. No matter what reform scheme is adopted, Its fundamental goal should be to improve the veracity and scientificalness of proof activities. In this sense, this paper chooses to study the system of free evidence. This paper is mainly divided into five parts. The first part is the basic connotation of the free heart syndrome. It mainly deals with the understanding of the meaning of the free heart syndrome and the process of its emergence and development. The second part is the basic analysis of the procedure law of the free psychological evidence. It is beneficial to clarify the meaning of the free psychological evidence and the context of its emergence and development. Fully understand the theoretical basis of the free psychological syndrome system, thus lay a good foundation for the overall construction of the free psychological syndrome system. Therefore, this part from dialectical materialism epistemology, This paper discusses the legal basis of free psychological evidence in the field of procedural law from the four angles of the rules of experience, logic rules and the vagueness of procedural law. The third part is a comparative study of the evidence system of free psychological evidence in the two major legal systems. Through the comparative analysis of the history and regulation of the evidence system of free evidence in foreign countries, It provides a reference for the planning of the free evidence system in China. Part 4th is aimed at the realistic predicament of the free psychological evidence system in our country. Then it analyzes the reasons. Mainly from the practice of free psychological evidence in our country and the establishment of the system of free psychological evidence in two aspects of the difficult problems, mainly listed the problems in our country's judicial practice. The author argues: our attitude towards the free evidence system, It should not be avoidance and rejection, but should further regulate and perfect the relevant system and mechanism of this system under the premise of recognition. The 5th part is the basic thinking of the standardization of the evidence system of free evidence in our country. Based on the basic situation of our country today, it is mainly based on the evidence model and judicial environment. The concrete safeguard measures are expounded in three aspects, and the author puts forward his own conception on the relevant contents. He advocates the establishment of the evidence system which combines the free evidence system with the evidence rules, and advocates the legislative confirmation of the free psychological evidence. It is advocated to perfect the system of evidence rules, to improve the comprehensive quality of judges and to perfect the system of explanation of judgment reasons, which will contribute to the construction and standardization of evidence of free mind in our country.
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D925.1;D926

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本文編號：1572667