本文關鍵詞： 醫(yī)療侵權 舉證責任 分配制度 完善　出處：《吉林財經大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：近年來，醫(yī)療糾紛呈現不斷上升的趨勢，隨之而來的在處理醫(yī)療糾紛中如何公平有效的設置相關法律，如何保護患者和醫(yī)療機構及其醫(yī)務人員雙方的合法權益成為了社會熱點問題，而其中的醫(yī)療侵權訴訟的舉證責任分配原則關系到訴訟責任的承擔，因此法律界有一個共識，舉證責任很大程度上關乎一個案件的成敗。 我國針對醫(yī)療侵權訴訟的舉證責任分配方式經過了幾次重要的修改，從1986年頒布的《中華人民共和國民法通則》中第106條第2款的規(guī)定：公民、法人由于過錯侵害國家的、集體的財產，侵害他人財產、人身的，應該承擔民事責任，結合《中華人民共和國民事訴訟法》第64條可知，醫(yī)療侵權屬于一般的侵權行為，所以采取“誰主張，誰舉證”原則；到2002年最高人民法院《關于民事訴訟證據的若干規(guī)定》中第4條第1款8項規(guī)定：因醫(yī)療行為引起的侵權訴訟，由醫(yī)療機構就醫(yī)療行為與損害結果之間不存在因果關系及不存在醫(yī)療過錯承擔舉證責任，確立了醫(yī)療侵權舉證責任倒置原則；再到《中華人民共和國侵權責任法》出臺后的過錯推定原則和有條件的舉證責任倒置原則。 縱觀國外的醫(yī)療侵權舉證責任分配可以發(fā)現，有些國家在法律上基本都傾向于減輕患者的證明責任，從而更好的保護患者的利益。其中歐洲大部分國家適用“過錯責任原則”，英美法國家適用“說明責任”的分配，日本適用“過失大概推定原則”，德國適用“表見證明”規(guī)則。而我國侵權責任法將醫(yī)方存在過錯的證明責任基本轉移給患方，這是否會加重患者的的證明責任？是否會影響原告方的損害得到賠償？ 對此，結合我國醫(yī)療現狀，，借鑒國外先進經驗，可以從多方面來完善我國醫(yī)療侵權舉證責任分配，完善司法解釋，加大法官自由裁量權，建立強制保險制度引入保險機構參與舉證機制，設立證據封存等相關制度，借鑒外國有利經驗，完善我國醫(yī)療侵權舉證責任的分配等，從而更好的保護患者利益，促進醫(yī)療事業(yè)健康穩(wěn)定的向前發(fā)展。 本文從1986年頒布《中華人民共和國民法通則》開始至今，對全部法律范疇內關于醫(yī)療侵權責任糾紛舉證責任分配的相關法律規(guī)定進行研究，系統(tǒng)的分析法律條文修改的意義及缺陷，在借鑒國外關于醫(yī)療侵權責任糾紛舉證責任分配原則的基礎上，對法理和現實進行綜合分析后，提出對我國醫(yī)療侵權責任糾紛舉證責任分配的幾點建議和完善。其中提出建立強制保險制度引入保險機構參與舉證機制為創(chuàng)新。
[Abstract]:In recent years, medical disputes showed a rising trend, resulting in medical disputes related to fair and effective legal settings, how to protect the patients and medical institutions and medical personnel of the legitimate rights and interests has become a hot social problem, and one of the medical tort litigation and litigation principles relate to the allocation of the burden of proof responsibility, therefore the legal profession is a consensus, the burden of proof is largely related to a case of success or failure.
According to our country's medical tort litigation of burden of proof distribution after several important changes, provisions of article 106th paragraph second from 1986 promulgated the "People's Republic of China civil law >: citizens, legal persons because of fault against the state, collective property, infringement of property, person, should bear civil liability, combined with" People's Republic of China Civil Procedure Law > sixty-fourth of the medical tort belongs to tort, so take the "who advocates, who the burden of proof" principle; by 2002 the Supreme People's Court on evidence in civil proceedings if < > fourth in dry provisions of the first paragraph of Article 8 provisions: in the medical tort litigation, there is no causal the relationship between fault and no medical burden by medical institutions, medical behavior and the harm result, established the principle of burden of proof in medical tort; and then to "Hua Renmin The principle of presumption of fault after the promulgation of the tort liability law of the Republic and the principle of conditional inversion of the burden of proof.
The distribution of burden of proof of medical tort in foreign countries can be found in some countries in the law basic tend to reduce the burden of proof of the patients, so as to better protect the interests of patients. Most European countries apply the principle of liability for fault, common law countries for "allocation of responsibility", "the principle of presumption of fault in Japan for about" Germany, for the table to see proof rules. And the tort liability law in our country will be proof of the existence of fault to the transfer of basic medical patients, whether this will aggravate the patient burden of proof? Whether it will affect the plaintiff's damage compensation?
This, combined with the present situation of medical service in our country, draw lessons from foreign advanced experience, can improve the burden of proof of medical tort distribution in our country from many aspects, perfect the judicial interpretation, strengthen the discretion of the judge, the establishment of compulsory insurance system into insurance institutions involved in the proof mechanism, establishing evidence storage and other related systems, from the favorable foreign experience, improve the distribution of I the burden of proof of medical tort, so as to better protect the interests of patients, promote the development of medical industry healthy and stable.
This article from the general principles of civil law > < People's Republic of China promulgated in 1986 since the start of the relevant legal provisions on tort liability disputes in the allocation of the burden of proof in all areas of the law, modify the system analysis of the significance and defects of legal provisions, on the basis of the experience of foreign medical tort liability disputes about the allocation of the burden of proof on the principle, the comprehensive analysis of the legal and the reality, put forward some suggestions on China's medical tort liability disputes and improve the allocation of the burden of proof. Which proposed the establishment of compulsory insurance system into insurance institutions involved in the proof mechanism for innovation.

【學位授予單位】：吉林財經大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D925.1;D923

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