本文關(guān)鍵詞： 重金屬污染 健康損害 訴訟救濟(jì)　出處：《西南大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近年來,重金屬污染導(dǎo)致的人體健康損害問題變得愈加嚴(yán)重,成為了大眾關(guān)注的焦點。重金屬污染事故致害極易造成公害,也就是說受害人范圍廣泛且不特定,隨之而來的后果是很大一部分利害關(guān)系人不能得到切實的賠償,其合法權(quán)益不能得到有效的保障。然而,卻鮮有受害者采取訴訟救濟(jì)的方式來維護(hù)自己的權(quán)益。究竟是什么原因?qū)е铝诉@一矛盾現(xiàn)象的產(chǎn)生,以及現(xiàn)行的訴訟機(jī)制需要克服哪些問題才能更好地幫助重金屬污染受害者捍衛(wèi)權(quán)益值得大家深思。 本文以重金屬污染致健康損害訴訟救濟(jì)為研究對象,在理論分析和實證分析的基礎(chǔ)上,與日本公害訴訟制度進(jìn)行橫向比較分析。主要內(nèi)容包含以下幾個方面： 第一,重金屬污染致健康損害訴訟救濟(jì)概述。這部分內(nèi)容分別介紹了重金屬污染、健康損害的含義、重金屬污染與健康損害之間的關(guān)系以及與其他類型污染的比較,并在此基礎(chǔ)上闡述重金屬污染致健康損害訴訟救濟(jì)的概念、特點、意義,以此突出訴訟救濟(jì)的必要性。 第二,論述重金屬污染致健康損害訴訟救濟(jì)的理論依據(jù)和現(xiàn)實基礎(chǔ),如相關(guān)的因果關(guān)系理論、健康權(quán)理論、權(quán)利救濟(jì)理論�，F(xiàn)實基礎(chǔ)則以我國當(dāng)前發(fā)生的多起重金屬污染事故為起點,對此類污染導(dǎo)致健康損害的嚴(yán)峻形勢首先進(jìn)行感性認(rèn)識,而后分析在數(shù)量上與之形成鮮明對比的訴訟情況,進(jìn)而指出在處理此類案件時,現(xiàn)行訴訟救濟(jì)方式存在的種種障礙,若不能予以及時、妥善地處理,將會不利于受害者合法權(quán)益的保護(hù)。 第三,重點介紹日本的公害訴訟,總結(jié)出先進(jìn)經(jīng)驗,如在公害訴訟過程中動員社會力量、突破“因果關(guān)系”認(rèn)定瓶頸、完善賠償制度等,為我國重金屬污染致健康損害訴訟救濟(jì)的完善提供參考。 第四,以上述內(nèi)容為基礎(chǔ),從明確重金屬污染致害救濟(jì)意識、對重金屬污染致害訴訟救濟(jì)進(jìn)行制度建設(shè)、程序建設(shè)、加強(qiáng)社會監(jiān)督四個大方面提出建議。包括塑造正確的權(quán)利救濟(jì)意識、運用疫學(xué)因果關(guān)系認(rèn)定方式、適用特殊的評判標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、尋求更多專業(yè)支持等內(nèi)容。 重金屬污染致健康損害訴訟救濟(jì)將使我國對環(huán)境侵權(quán)受害人的救濟(jì)機(jī)制趨于完善。訴訟救濟(jì)作為權(quán)利保障的最后一道防線應(yīng)發(fā)揮其切實保障相關(guān)受害者正當(dāng)權(quán)益的效用,同時也是健全我國的環(huán)境法律責(zé)任體系,是社會進(jìn)步和發(fā)展的重要體現(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:In recent years, human health damage caused by heavy metal pollution problem has become increasingly serious, has become the focus of public attention. The heavy metal pollution accidents caused by pollution is caused extremely easily, that is to say the victim a wide range and not specific, the consequences are a large part of the interested party can not effectively compensation, their legitimate rights and interests can not be effectively the security. However, few victims to take action to remedy the ways to protect their own interests. What is the cause of this contradiction phenomenon, and the current lawsuit mechanism which need to overcome problems in order to better help the victims to defend the rights and interests of heavy metal pollution it is worth pondering.
Based on the theoretical analysis and empirical analysis, this paper carries out a horizontal comparative analysis with the Japanese public nuisance litigation system. The main contents include the following aspects.
First, the heavy metal pollution induced health damage litigation overview. This part introduces the meaning of heavy metal pollution, health damage, compare the relationship between heavy metal pollution and health damage, and other types of pollution, the concept, and elaborated on the basis of health damage caused by heavy metal pollution litigation characteristics, highlighting the significance, necessity the lawsuit relief.
Second, the heavy metal pollution induced health damage discusses theoretical basis and practical basis of litigation, such as the relative causation theory, theory of right to health, the right relief theory. Based on the reality of our current multi heavy metal pollution accident as the starting point, the grim situation caused damage to the health of such pollution first perceptual knowledge, then analysis of litigation cases in the number of contrast, and then pointed out that in dealing with such cases, the obstacles existing mode of litigation, if it can not be timely and properly handled, the protection will not conducive to the lawful rights and interests of victims.
Third, we mainly introduce the public nuisance litigation in Japan, and summarize the advanced experience, such as mobilizing social forces in the process of public nuisance litigation, breaking the bottleneck of "causality", improving the compensation system, and so on, so as to provide references for the improvement of China's heavy metal pollution induced health damage litigation remedy.
Fourth, based on the above, clear from the heavy metal pollution damage caused by the relief of consciousness, heavy metal pollution damage caused by the lawsuit relief system construction, construction procedures, strengthen social supervision suggestions in four aspects. Including shaping the correct sense of rights relief, the epidemiology of causation, criteria for special, seek more professional support and so on.
The heavy metal pollution induced health damage relief will make our relief system for victims of environmental torts litigation tends to perfection. The last line of defense is to protect the rights of victims should give full play to the effective protection of legitimate rights and interests of the relevant utility, but also improve the system of environmental legal liability in our country, is an important manifestation of social progress and development.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D923;D925.1

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本文編號：1477700