【摘要】： 船舶碰撞中的法律因果關(guān)系屬于侵權(quán)法上的因果關(guān)系范疇,又有獨(dú)特的性質(zhì)。我國侵權(quán)法上因果關(guān)系理論在基本上僅限于對國外一些理論的介紹,主流的“必然因果關(guān)系理論”只強(qiáng)調(diào)原因和結(jié)果的之間的必然性,并未對判定這種必然性的現(xiàn)實(shí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)做細(xì)致的闡述。而且在法律條文中也無具體解釋。這導(dǎo)致在對于船舶碰撞案件的具體審理中,不同的法院所審理的意見往往出現(xiàn)差異,使得此類案件的上訴率很高。在船舶碰撞中因果關(guān)系的認(rèn)定中,英美法的“近因理論”是一套精密、準(zhǔn)確的理論模式。同時,我國海商立法有著濃重的英美法理念,在兩大法系融合的趨勢下,運(yùn)用“近因理論”解決船舶碰撞案件審判實(shí)踐中所遇到的問題是一個值得探討的。 論文第一章分析了英美法與大陸法中因果關(guān)系理論的聯(lián)系和差異,并以此作為為全文的插入點(diǎn)。該部分首先闡述了“兩分法”的因果關(guān)系思維模式被大陸法系和英美法系共同接受,兩者具有相通性。接下來總結(jié)了兩大法系的三點(diǎn)差異:對于判例的重視程度不同、對法律規(guī)則和法律原則的重視程度不同、過失和因果關(guān)系之間的邏輯關(guān)系理解不同。此章的目的在于通過兩大法系因果關(guān)系理論的對比來尋找“近因理論”融入我國侵權(quán)法的理論背景和可能性。 論文第二章簡述了船舶碰撞侵權(quán)中的“近因”理論。介紹了“近因”理論的定義,并結(jié)合經(jīng)典案例詳述了該理論中的“but for”條款、無法預(yù)見的直接結(jié)果以及打斷因果鏈的“插因”,以便在下一章中援引。 論文第三章運(yùn)用第二章介紹的“近因”理論對三組典型案例進(jìn)行分析,突出“近因理論”的實(shí)用性。案例包括發(fā)生在我國水域的具有在司法實(shí)踐中難以斷定的復(fù)雜因果關(guān)系的船舶碰撞案例,運(yùn)用“近因”理論對其進(jìn)行分析,說明了“近因理論在處理這類問題上的實(shí)用性。 論文第四章通過對近因理論相對統(tǒng)一性的分析,結(jié)合我國參加的船舶碰撞國際公約以及我國海商法立法背景和兩大法系日益融合的趨勢,旨在論述船舶碰撞侵權(quán)法中因果關(guān)系認(rèn)定中參照適用近因理論的現(xiàn)實(shí)可能性。 在論文最后得出參照適用近因理論進(jìn)行船舶碰撞侵權(quán)法中因果關(guān)系認(rèn)定具有更具有現(xiàn)實(shí)意義的結(jié)論。并就引入機(jī)制的安排提出了個人一點(diǎn)粗淺的建議,期望對于解決這一問題有所幫助。
[Abstract]:The legal causality in ship collision belongs to the category of causality in tort law and has a unique nature. The theory of causality in tort law of our country is basically limited to the introduction of some foreign theories. The mainstream "inevitable causality theory" only emphasizes the necessity between cause and result, and does not elaborate the realistic standard of judging this necessity in detail. And there is no specific explanation in the legal provisions. This leads to differences in the opinions of different courts in the specific trial of ship collision cases, which makes the appeal rate of such cases very high. In the cognizance of causality in ship collision, the "near cause theory" of Anglo-American law is a set of precise and accurate theoretical model. At the same time, China's maritime legislation has a strong concept of Anglo-American law. Under the trend of the integration of the two legal systems, it is worth discussing to use the "near cause theory" to solve the problems encountered in the trial practice of ship collision cases. The first chapter analyzes the relationship and difference between Anglo-American law and continental law, and takes it as the insertion point of the full text. This part first expounds that the causality thinking mode of dichotomous method is accepted by civil law system and Anglo-American law system, and the two are identical. Then it summarizes three differences between the two legal systems: different degrees of attention to cases, different degrees of attention to legal rules and principles, and different understandings of the logical relationship between negligence and causality. The purpose of this chapter is to find the theoretical background and possibility of the integration of "near cause theory" into tort law of our country through the comparison of causality theory between the two legal systems. The second chapter briefly describes the theory of "near cause" in ship collision tort. This paper introduces the definition of "near cause" theory, and expounds the "but for" clause in the theory, the unforeseen direct result and the "interpolation" of breaking causality chain in combination with the classical case, so that it can be quoted in the next chapter. The third chapter analyzes three groups of typical cases by using the "near cause" theory introduced in the second chapter, and highlights the practicability of the "near cause theory". The cases include the cases of ship collision with complex causality which is difficult to be determined in judicial practice in the waters of our country. The "near cause" theory is used to analyze it, and the practicability of the "near cause theory" in dealing with this kind of problems is explained. The fourth chapter, through the analysis of the relative unity of the theory of near cause, combined with the international convention of ship collision to which our country is a party and the trend of the increasing integration of the legislative background of maritime law and the two legal systems of our country, aims to discuss the realistic possibility of referring to the theory of near cause in the cognizance of causality in the law of ship collision tort. At the end of the paper, it is concluded that it is of more practical significance to identify causality in ship collision tort law according to the applicable near cause theory. Some superficial suggestions are put forward on the arrangement of the introduction mechanism, which is expected to be helpful to solve this problem.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：D922.29

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 張靜;船舶碰撞民事責(zé)任因果關(guān)系問題研究[D];大連海事大學(xué);2011年

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本文編號：2512563