【摘要】：2008年聯(lián)合國第63屆大會第67次全體會議通過了《聯(lián)合國全程或部分海上國際貨物運(yùn)輸合同公約》，簡稱《鹿特丹規(guī)則》。與以往的國際海上貨物運(yùn)輸公約相比，《鹿特丹規(guī)則》的重要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新之一在于首次明確的將批量合同納入了調(diào)整范圍。批量合同是在國際海上貨物運(yùn)輸業(yè)務(wù)的不斷發(fā)展的背景下形成的一種新型海上貨物運(yùn)輸合同，其最大特色在于核心條款是由承運(yùn)人和托運(yùn)人自由協(xié)商訂立的。相比以往傳統(tǒng)海上貨物運(yùn)輸合同，批量合同有著明顯優(yōu)勢，不僅可以保證承運(yùn)人獲得穩(wěn)定的貨源和收益，還可以讓托運(yùn)人享受充足的運(yùn)力和優(yōu)惠的運(yùn)價(jià)。因此在海上貨物運(yùn)輸實(shí)踐中極為盛行。但在傳統(tǒng)國際海上貨物運(yùn)輸公約和除美國外的大多數(shù)國家的海商法中都沒有關(guān)于此類合同的相關(guān)規(guī)定，《鹿特丹規(guī)則》的問世及時(shí)地填補(bǔ)了立法的空白，從國際海上貨物運(yùn)輸公約的角度初次明確了批量合同相關(guān)法律制度。 本文首先對批量合同的溯源、界定與性質(zhì)等法理進(jìn)行闡述，并將批量合同與其他類似海運(yùn)合同加以對比，以期對批量合同做出更為準(zhǔn)確的理解。并對《鹿特丹規(guī)則》框架下的批量合同特別規(guī)則加以研究，重點(diǎn)分析了批量合同下承托雙方的權(quán)利義務(wù)以及當(dāng)事人的合同自由。公約中的批量合同特別規(guī)則突破了《海牙規(guī)則》以來確立的傳統(tǒng)國際海上貨物運(yùn)輸公約嚴(yán)格限制合同自由的原則，創(chuàng)造性地賦予批量合同當(dāng)事人較為充分的合同自由�；谂亢贤谖覈嚓P(guān)立法中的空白狀態(tài)，以及批量合同制度對我國航運(yùn)業(yè)以及貨主可能產(chǎn)生的影響，建議在我國《海商法》修改之際，借鑒《鹿特丹規(guī)則》的做法，在《海商法》第四章“海上貨物運(yùn)輸合同”中單獨(dú)設(shè)立一節(jié)，專門對批量合同做出規(guī)定，同時(shí)賦予批量合同當(dāng)事人較為充分的合同自由，除涉及海上航行安全和公共利益的事項(xiàng)外，，其余都允許當(dāng)事人雙方經(jīng)過自由協(xié)商進(jìn)行背離，僅在合同沒有約定或無相反約定時(shí)才適用相關(guān)法律規(guī)定。
[Abstract]:At the 67th plenary meeting of the 63rd session of the United Nations General Assembly in 2008, the United Nations Convention on contracts for the International Carriage of goods wholly or partly by Sea, referred to as the Rotterdam rules, was adopted. Compared with the previous conventions on the international carriage of goods by sea, one of the important innovations of the Rotterdam rules lies in the explicit inclusion of volume contracts in the scope of adjustment for the first time. Volume contract is a new type of contract for the carriage of goods by sea, which is formed under the background of the continuous development of international maritime cargo transport business. Its biggest characteristic is that the core clause is freely negotiated between the carrier and the shipper. Compared with the traditional contract of carriage of goods by sea, the volume contract has obvious advantages, which can not only ensure the carrier to obtain stable supply and income, but also allow the shipper to enjoy sufficient capacity and preferential freight rate. Therefore, it is very popular in the practice of shipping goods by sea. However, there are no relevant provisions on such contracts in the traditional conventions on the international carriage of goods by sea and the maritime law of most countries except the United States. The publication of the Rotterdam rules has filled in the gaps in legislation in a timely manner, and the legal system related to volume contracts has been clarified for the first time from the perspective of the Convention on the International Carriage of goods by Sea. This paper first expounds the traceability, definition and nature of the volume contract, and compares the volume contract with other similar shipping contracts in order to make a more accurate understanding of the volume contract. The special rules of volume contract under the framework of Rotterdam rules are studied, and the rights and obligations of the parties and the freedom of contract of the parties under the volume contract are analyzed in detail. The special rules of volume contract in the Convention break through the principle of strictly restricting the freedom of contract in the traditional Convention on the International Carriage of goods by Sea, which has been established since the Hague rules, and creatively enforces the parties to the volume contract with more full freedom of contract. Based on the blank state of the volume contract in the relevant legislation of our country and the possible influence of the volume contract system on the shipping industry and the cargo owners of our country, it is suggested that when the Maritime Law of our country is amended, a separate section should be set up in Chapter IV of the Maritime Law, "contract for the Carriage of goods by Sea," At the same time, the parties to the volume contract are given more full freedom of contract, except for matters involving the safety of maritime navigation and public interests, the other parties are allowed to deviate through free negotiation, and the relevant legal provisions are applied only if there is no agreement or no contrary agreement in the contract.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘇州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D996.19

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