【摘要】：1992年中國(guó)十四大的召開(kāi)，確立了我國(guó)由市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)取代計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)的改革，作為市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)組成部分之一，體育界也隨之進(jìn)行了相應(yīng)改革。中國(guó)從決定足球走職業(yè)化道路至今已有20年的時(shí)間。在這20年中“假球”成為職業(yè)化道路中常見(jiàn)的惡性事件，這是由于改革的不徹底和法律法規(guī)建設(shè)不健全而導(dǎo)致的市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)商業(yè)化運(yùn)作混亂。政府部門與社會(huì)組織兩種機(jī)構(gòu)的管理體制混亂。主要表現(xiàn)在政府對(duì)社會(huì)組織的錯(cuò)位管理而產(chǎn)生的足球職業(yè)化中“假球”現(xiàn)象的頑疾。在發(fā)展中一系列體制問(wèn)題和法律問(wèn)題逐漸凸顯出來(lái)，其中“假賭黑”成為足球頑疾的顯著體現(xiàn)，，無(wú)論是從參與人數(shù)還是對(duì)事件的影響程度上“假球”在這些頑疾中又是最突出的。因此，就中國(guó)足球職業(yè)化進(jìn)程中的“假球”問(wèn)題的社會(huì)學(xué)研究對(duì)中國(guó)足球職業(yè)化進(jìn)程和中國(guó)職業(yè)體育良性發(fā)展具有重要意義。 本文主要運(yùn)用文獻(xiàn)法對(duì)中國(guó)足球職業(yè)化的“假球”問(wèn)題從社會(huì)學(xué)角度對(duì)我國(guó)足球職業(yè)化中的俱樂(lè)部管理；國(guó)家政府部門對(duì)足球職業(yè)化的不合理干預(yù)；法律法規(guī)在規(guī)范足球行業(yè)的發(fā)展中的重要的地位進(jìn)行了研究，并得出以下結(jié)論： 1.結(jié)合我國(guó)的社會(huì)特點(diǎn)，借鑒國(guó)外職業(yè)足球俱樂(lè)部管理制度方面先進(jìn)的科學(xué)管理理念，以英國(guó)和意大利為榜樣。用以改善我國(guó)在管理制度不健全，俱樂(lè)部?jī)?nèi)部因管理權(quán)利集中而造成的弊端。 2在我國(guó)職業(yè)足球俱樂(lè)部的監(jiān)督管理層面，要設(shè)立行之有效的財(cái)務(wù)監(jiān)督機(jī)制，克服有形式無(wú)實(shí)質(zhì)的現(xiàn)狀。 3政府相關(guān)部門、社會(huì)相關(guān)團(tuán)體以及職業(yè)足球俱樂(lè)部要明確自身的職能所在，明確自己的權(quán)利和義務(wù)。政府相關(guān)部門要做好監(jiān)督職責(zé)，社會(huì)相關(guān)部門要為聯(lián)賽做好服務(wù)性工作。 4建立健全的足球職業(yè)化方向的法律法規(guī)，規(guī)范政府行為，規(guī)范相關(guān)民間組織行為和俱樂(lè)部行為。使體育法律法規(guī)與刑事法律法規(guī)、商法法律法規(guī)等等在銜接方面有更強(qiáng)的鏈接性。 5學(xué)術(shù)界和法律法界要通力合作，要給“假球”予以準(zhǔn)確的定義，使足球從業(yè)人員了解這方面的知識(shí)，也使得再出現(xiàn)此類現(xiàn)象時(shí)給司法部門在證據(jù)認(rèn)定上有更明確和更可靠的依據(jù)。 6要把普法教育落到實(shí)處并且有針對(duì)性，使足球從業(yè)人員在自身權(quán)利受到侵害時(shí)及時(shí)維護(hù)自己的權(quán)利不受侵害。做好防護(hù)措施，縮小受害者范圍以及給官大群眾造成的損失。
[Abstract]:The convening of the 14th National Congress of China in 1992 established the reform of the planned economy replaced by the market economy in our country. As one of the components of the market economy, the sports circle also carried on the corresponding reform. It has been 20 years since China decided that football should be professionalized. In the past 20 years, "match-fixing" has become a common vicious event in the road of professionalization, which is caused by the confusion of the commercial operation of the market economy caused by the incomplete reform and the imperfect construction of laws and regulations. The management system of government departments and social organizations is chaotic. This phenomenon is mainly reflected in the malposition of the government in the management of social organization and the obstinate phenomenon of "match-fixing" in football professionalization. In the course of development, a series of institutional and legal problems have gradually become prominent, among which "false gambling" has become a prominent manifestation of the stubborn disease of football. Match-fixing is the most prominent of these ills, both in terms of the number of participants and the extent to which events are affected. Therefore, the sociological research on the issue of "match-fixing" in the process of Chinese football professionalization is of great significance to the process of Chinese football professionalization and the benign development of Chinese professional sports. This article mainly uses the literature method to the Chinese football professionalization "match-fixing" question from the sociological angle to our country soccer professionalization club management, the national government department to the soccer professionalization unreasonable intervention; The important position of laws and regulations in standardizing the development of football industry has been studied, and the following conclusions have been drawn: 1. Combined with the social characteristics of our country, the advanced scientific management idea of foreign professional football club management system is used for reference, taking England and Italy as examples. In order to improve our country in the management system is not perfect, the club due to the concentration of management rights caused by the drawbacks. At the level of supervision and management of professional football clubs in China, it is necessary to set up an effective financial supervision mechanism to overcome the situation of form and no substance. (3) relevant government departments, social groups and professional football clubs should make their own functions clear and their rights and obligations clear. Relevant government departments should do a good job of supervision, social departments to do a good job in service for the league. (4) establishing sound laws and regulations of football professionalization, standardizing government behavior, and standardizing the behavior of relevant civil organizations and clubs. Make sports laws and regulations and criminal laws and regulations, commercial laws and regulations and so on in the connection has stronger link. (5) the academic and legal circles should work together to give a precise definition of "match-fixing" in order to make football practitioners aware of this knowledge. It also provides a clearer and more reliable basis for the judiciary to establish evidence when such phenomena occur again. (6) it is necessary to carry out the education of popularizing the law and aim at it, so that football professionals can safeguard their rights in time when their rights are infringed. Do a good job of protective measures, reduce the scope of victims and the damage caused to the large masses.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：G843

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