【摘要】：船舶適航義務(wù)是海上貨物運(yùn)輸中承運(yùn)人的首要義務(wù),在海商法理論中以及在海事糾紛的司法實(shí)踐中具有很重要的地位。我國《海商法》第47條對(duì)船舶適航義務(wù)做的規(guī)定中有很多不清晰之處,如“開航當(dāng)時(shí)”的界定、對(duì)“謹(jǐn)慎處理”的理解、船舶的適航標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等等。國際海事組織制定的有關(guān)海上貨物運(yùn)輸?shù)膸讉�(gè)代表性國際公約《海牙規(guī)則》、《海牙—維斯比規(guī)則》、《漢堡規(guī)則》、《鹿特丹規(guī)則》等對(duì)承運(yùn)人的船舶適航義務(wù)的規(guī)定也各不相同,每一公約的內(nèi)容都是與該公約制定當(dāng)時(shí)的國際海運(yùn)環(huán)境和發(fā)展需要相適應(yīng)的,有著自身獨(dú)特的法哲學(xué)基礎(chǔ)和歷史背景,因此關(guān)于承運(yùn)人的義務(wù)和責(zé)任的范圍、承運(yùn)人適航義務(wù)的地位以及承運(yùn)人承擔(dān)適航義務(wù)的起訖時(shí)間的規(guī)定各有特色。隨著國際海運(yùn)事業(yè)的發(fā)展,國際海事界對(duì)船舶適航義務(wù)進(jìn)行了很多理論的創(chuàng)新與立法實(shí)踐,我國《海商法》關(guān)于承運(yùn)人適航義務(wù)的規(guī)定也應(yīng)與時(shí)俱進(jìn),逐步符合國際海運(yùn)立法的發(fā)展趨勢,而這些國際立法也對(duì)如何修改我國《海商法》具有很大的借鑒價(jià)值。因此,本文在對(duì)船舶適航義務(wù)進(jìn)行了綜合分析、對(duì)國際有關(guān)船舶適航義務(wù)的理論和立法進(jìn)行梳理的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了對(duì)我國《海商法》的修改建議。 本文首先主要論述了本文的研究背景、目的及意義,并對(duì)有關(guān)船舶適航義務(wù)的國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行梳理,為探討船舶適航義務(wù)提供理論基礎(chǔ)。然后,介紹了船舶適航義務(wù)的基本理論及船舶適航義務(wù)的發(fā)展歷史、著重闡述了船舶適航義務(wù)的內(nèi)容及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、分析了船舶適航的時(shí)間界定問題并對(duì)船舶適航義務(wù)的免責(zé)以及舉證責(zé)任分配進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的論述,并討論了船舶適航義務(wù)的地位并對(duì)《鹿特丹規(guī)則》對(duì)于船舶適航義務(wù)的影響進(jìn)行分析。在理論分析的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)主要的國際海上貨物運(yùn)輸公約進(jìn)行了闡述和分析,指出了國際立法的趨勢,同時(shí)對(duì)代表性國家如英國、美國等國的船舶適航義務(wù)理論以及立法進(jìn)行了闡述,指出我國有關(guān)船舶適航義務(wù)理論與立法的現(xiàn)狀和不足之處并兩者進(jìn)行了比較分析。最后,在分析、綜合、參照國外立法而后國際公約的基礎(chǔ)之上,對(duì)我國《海商法》的修改尤其是如何完善我國適航義務(wù)理論提出了具體的建議。
[Abstract]:The obligation of seaworthiness is the first duty of the carrier in the carriage of goods by sea and plays an important role in the theory of maritime law and in the judicial practice of maritime disputes. In Article 47 of the Maritime Law of China, there are many ambiguities in the provisions on the seaworthiness obligation of ships, such as the definition of "at the time of sailing", the understanding of "careful handling", the standard of seaworthiness of ships, and so on. Several representative international conventions on the carriage of goods by sea developed by the International Maritime Organization, the Hague rules, the Hague-Visby rules, the Hamburg rules, The Rotterdam rules and other provisions on the carrier's seaworthiness obligations vary, and the content of each convention is adapted to the international maritime environment and development needs of the time when the Convention was established, With its own unique legal philosophy foundation and historical background, the scope of the carrier's obligations and responsibilities, the status of the carrier's seaworthiness obligations and the starting time of the carrier's seaworthiness obligations have their own characteristics. With the development of the international shipping industry, the international maritime community has carried out many theoretical innovations and legislative practices on the seaworthiness obligation of ships, and the provisions of China's Maritime Law concerning the carrier's seaworthiness obligations should also keep pace with the times. It is gradually in line with the development trend of international maritime legislation, and these international legislations also have great reference value for how to modify the Maritime Law of our country. Therefore, based on the comprehensive analysis of the seaworthiness obligation of ships and the combing of the international theories and legislation on the seaworthiness obligations of ships, this paper puts forward some suggestions to amend the Maritime Code of China. Firstly, this paper mainly discusses the background, purpose and significance of this paper, and combs the domestic and international research status of ship seaworthiness obligation, which provides a theoretical basis for the discussion of ship seaworthiness obligation. Then, the basic theory of ship seaworthiness obligation and the development history of ship seaworthiness obligation are introduced, and the content and standard of ship seaworthiness obligation are expounded emphatically. This paper analyzes the problem of defining the time of ship seaworthiness, and discusses in detail the exemption from liability and the distribution of burden of proof of ship seaworthiness. The status of ship seaworthiness obligation is discussed and the influence of Rotterdam rules on ship seaworthiness obligation is analyzed. On the basis of theoretical analysis, the main international conventions on the carriage of goods by sea are expounded and analyzed, and the trend of international legislation is pointed out. The theory and legislation of seaworthiness obligation of ships in the United States and other countries are expounded, and the present situation and shortcomings of the theory and legislation of ship seaworthiness obligation in China are pointed out, and the two theories are compared and analyzed. Finally, on the basis of analyzing, synthesizing and referring to the foreign legislation and international conventions, the author puts forward some concrete suggestions on how to improve the theory of seaworthiness obligation of our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D996.19

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