【摘要】： “保證”是海上保險(xiǎn)中一項(xiàng)特有的制度,其是基于海上保險(xiǎn)法“最大誠(chéng)信原則”而要求被保險(xiǎn)人履行的義務(wù)。保證制度是通過(guò)判例一步步發(fā)展和完善起來(lái)的,英國(guó)《1906年海上保險(xiǎn)法》總結(jié)了之前的判例,進(jìn)而對(duì)其做出了全面而系統(tǒng)的規(guī)定。 保證制度設(shè)立的最初目的在于控制風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。在信息技術(shù)不發(fā)達(dá)的過(guò)去,當(dāng)時(shí)的保險(xiǎn)人在決定承保范圍時(shí)在很大程度上取決于被保險(xiǎn)人的告知和承諾,這種情況造成了雙方當(dāng)事人的信息極度不對(duì)稱,而海上保險(xiǎn)市場(chǎng)上的這種信息不對(duì)稱極易誘發(fā)道德危險(xiǎn)。保險(xiǎn)人為了控制風(fēng)險(xiǎn),不得不尋求一種保護(hù)機(jī)制,而保證制度恰好滿足了保險(xiǎn)人的這種需求。保險(xiǎn)人將保證制度規(guī)定的盡可能嚴(yán)厲來(lái)維護(hù)自身利益。但是經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)期的發(fā)展和演變,其內(nèi)涵不斷豐富的同時(shí),在實(shí)踐中出現(xiàn)大量的復(fù)雜多樣的問(wèn)題,它的苛刻后果、負(fù)面作用不斷的體現(xiàn)出來(lái),因此受到諸多質(zhì)疑。 我國(guó)《海商法》僅在第235條規(guī)定了保證,這個(gè)條款規(guī)定的不甚全面,容易在理論和實(shí)務(wù)上引起理解上的偏差。在我國(guó)建立保證制度,既能平衡保險(xiǎn)人和被保險(xiǎn)人之間的權(quán)利義務(wù)分配,又能促進(jìn)航運(yùn)業(yè)的發(fā)展。因此,對(duì)這一問(wèn)題的研究,既具有理論上的指導(dǎo)性,又可以增加實(shí)踐中的可操作性。 本文采用述評(píng)結(jié)合及穿插案例的方法,從介紹英國(guó)海上保險(xiǎn)保證制度入手,介紹它的涵義、曾經(jīng)在海上保險(xiǎn)市場(chǎng)中所起到的重要作用,以及它存在價(jià)值的評(píng)判,進(jìn)而總結(jié)保證制度目前在我國(guó)立法和實(shí)踐中的體現(xiàn),并對(duì)其在理論和實(shí)務(wù)中的現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),以及分析保證和告知這兩項(xiàng)義務(wù)的聯(lián)系和差別。我國(guó)的保險(xiǎn)業(yè)正處于發(fā)展階段,目前存在一些問(wèn)題,還是很需要這個(gè)嚴(yán)格的制度來(lái)規(guī)范被保險(xiǎn)人和維護(hù)保險(xiǎn)市場(chǎng)的穩(wěn)定發(fā)展,因此有必要在我國(guó)建立該制度,在本文中作者就幾個(gè)突出的問(wèn)題做了論述。
[Abstract]:"Suretyship" is a special system in marine insurance, which is based on the "principle of maximum good faith" of the Marine Insurance Law and requires the insurant to perform its obligations. The guarantee system is developed and perfected step by step through the case law. The British Marine Insurance Law of 1906 sums up the previous cases and makes a comprehensive and systematic regulation on them. The initial purpose of the guarantee system is to control risk. In the underdeveloped past of information technology, the insurer at that time depended to a large extent on the information and commitment of the insured when deciding on the scope of insurance coverage, which resulted in extreme asymmetry of information between the parties. This information asymmetry in the marine insurance market can easily lead to moral hazard. In order to control the risk, the insurer has to seek a kind of protection mechanism, and the guarantee system meets the demand of the insurer. The insurer will ensure that the system is as strict as possible to safeguard its own interests. But after a long period of development and evolution, its connotation is constantly rich, at the same time, in practice there are a large number of complex and diverse problems, its harsh consequences, negative effects are constantly reflected, so many questions. The Maritime Law of our country only stipulates the guarantee in Article 235, which is not very comprehensive and easily leads to the deviation in theory and practice. The establishment of guarantee system in China can balance the distribution of rights and obligations between the insurer and the insured, and promote the development of shipping industry. Therefore, the study of this problem has both theoretical guidance and practical maneuverability. This paper introduces the meaning of British marine insurance guarantee system, the important role it has played in the marine insurance market, and the evaluation of its existence value. Then it summarizes the embodiment of the guarantee system in the legislation and practice of our country at present, evaluates its present situation in theory and practice, and analyzes the connection and difference between the two obligations. The insurance industry of our country is at the stage of development. At present, there are some problems. We still need this strict system to regulate the insured and maintain the stable development of the insurance market. Therefore, it is necessary to establish this system in our country. In this paper, the author discusses several outstanding problems.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：D922.284;D922.294

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 徐婷燕;;論海上保險(xiǎn)法中保證制度[J];商品與質(zhì)量;2012年S5期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 彭俊芳;海上保險(xiǎn)中的船舶適航問(wèn)題研究[D];大連海事大學(xué);2011年

2 樊麗;中國(guó)保險(xiǎn)保證制度及條款的缺失與完善[D];西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué);2011年

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本文編號(hào)：2336898