日本建筑師專家責任研究
[Abstract]:The theoretical research and judicial practice of the expert responsibility of Japanese architects are more developed and have reference value. Japanese academic circles have contract theory and quasi-entrustment theory for architect's breach of contract. It is more appropriate to regard the two kinds of contracts as quasi-entrustment contracts from the point of view of their nature and legal provisions as well as judicial practice. However, the contractual nature of the architect-related contract can not fully achieve the purpose of the expert liability system, and its tort is more important. The fault of architect's tort liability is the same as that of other experts, and the principle of fault liability is applied. The main basis of infringement is the specific scope of the architect's practice. However, there is irrationality in the scope of architect's practice in our country, which intersects with the scope of supervision engineer, which leads to confusion of responsibility and unclear identification of responsibility. The professional activities of Japanese architects are more reasonable in the form of design and supervision, and the scope of the professional activities of architects in China should be adjusted appropriately. The architect's job traits lead to the most reasonable form of liability for damages. The damage caused by architects is generally pure economic damage, and the rules of pure economic loss in Anglo-American law have not formed a theoretical obstacle in the tort law of Japan and China. The causality of the architect's responsibility is caused by the multiplicity of the main body in the construction project, and the burden of the responsibility needs to be judged by the magnitude of the causative force. Design, supervision, construction to achieve substantive separation can to a certain extent clear responsibility. Therefore, the stipulation that the design and construction can be contracted by the same subject in the Building Law of the people's Republic of China is improper. The different positions of an architect in an architect's office also affect the architect's responsibilities. If the architect is an employee, the individual tort liability and the employer's liability of the architect firm will be in line with each other. If the architect is the director of the firm, the individual tort liability is in line with the so-called director's liability in Japanese commercial law. But in any case, the individual civil liability of the architect will not be concealed. The subordinate relationship between Chinese architects and their architectural design units and the imperfection of legislation often make the design units become the responsibility of architects. Japanese architects sign and seal the building confirmation form, but the phenomenon that supervision is not carried out in practice is similar to that of Chinese architects on documents (drawings) that are not designed or responsible for the design. Although the architect does not actually practise, he violates the obligation of foresight and evading the result which the expert should possess, and should be investigated for its tort liability according to the standard of the expert. The architect and other subjects bear joint and several liability, but in the internal liability sharing, the architect does not bear the responsibility.
【學位授予單位】:湖南大學
【學位級別】:碩士
【學位授予年份】:2006
【分類號】:D931.3;DD912.29
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