【摘要】：浮動(dòng)抵押是一種特殊的擔(dān)保方式，它是債務(wù)人在其現(xiàn)時(shí)和將來(lái)的財(cái)產(chǎn)集合上所設(shè)立的抵押，并且在抵押權(quán)實(shí)現(xiàn)之前，債務(wù)人可以相對(duì)自由地處分抵押財(cái)產(chǎn)。與傳統(tǒng)抵押相比，浮動(dòng)抵押體現(xiàn)了商業(yè)社會(huì)對(duì)效益的要求，在資金融通、經(jīng)營(yíng)維持方面具有天然的優(yōu)勢(shì)。浮動(dòng)抵押權(quán)的設(shè)立是整套浮動(dòng)抵押制度的運(yùn)行起點(diǎn)，包含了設(shè)立主體、設(shè)立客體、設(shè)立登記等要素。 浮動(dòng)抵押發(fā)源于英美法系衡平法，并且逐漸被主要大陸法系國(guó)家吸收借鑒，根據(jù)自身國(guó)情創(chuàng)設(shè)了類似的信用擔(dān)保制度。通過(guò)對(duì)外國(guó)浮動(dòng)抵押制度的考察，我們可以得到很多有益的啟示。 浮動(dòng)抵押具有非常明顯的商事特征，營(yíng)業(yè)抵押（營(yíng)業(yè)財(cái)產(chǎn)抵押）就是其在商法體系中的制度投影。通過(guò)商事性分析可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，公司最適合成為浮動(dòng)抵押的抵押人，非公司企業(yè)及其他經(jīng)濟(jì)主體在一定條件下也可以設(shè)立浮動(dòng)抵押；浮動(dòng)抵押標(biāo)的物與營(yíng)業(yè)財(cái)產(chǎn)的范圍基本重合，在實(shí)踐中，對(duì)其中的“事實(shí)關(guān)系”和“負(fù)債”要引起特別注意。 幾經(jīng)周折之后，2007年頒布實(shí)施的《中華人民共和國(guó)物權(quán)法》突破性地引入了浮動(dòng)抵押制度。但從立法內(nèi)容上看，其在浮動(dòng)抵押權(quán)設(shè)立方面還存在很多缺陷，主體范圍過(guò)寬，客體范圍偏窄，登記制度也不夠完備。鑒于此，一方面，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)浮動(dòng)抵押的商事特性，對(duì)其設(shè)立要素和設(shè)立程序進(jìn)行有針對(duì)性地改革，適當(dāng)調(diào)整主客體范圍，健全登記制度；另一方面，要完善相關(guān)立法，建立配套制度，，全面推進(jìn)浮動(dòng)抵押在我國(guó)的發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Floating charge is a special way of security, it is the debtor in the present and future property set up on the mortgage, and before the realization of the mortgage, the debtor can dispose of the mortgaged property relatively freely. Compared with traditional mortgage, floating mortgage embodies the demand of commercial society for benefit, and has natural advantages in fund financing and operation and maintenance. The establishment of floating mortgage is the starting point of the whole floating mortgage system, including the establishment of the subject, the establishment of the object, the establishment of registration and so on. Floating charge originates from the equity law of Anglo-American law system, and is gradually absorbed and used for reference by major civil law countries, and has created a similar credit guarantee system according to its own national conditions. Through the investigation of foreign floating charge system, we can get a lot of useful enlightenment. Floating charge has very obvious commercial characteristics, business mortgage (business property mortgage) is its institutional projection in the commercial law system. Through commercial analysis, it can be found that the company is the most suitable mortgagor for floating charge, non-company enterprises and other economic entities can also set up floating charge under certain conditions, the scope of floating mortgage subject matter and business property basically coincide, In practice, special attention should be paid to the relationship between facts and liabilities. After several setbacks, the PRC Real right Law, promulgated in 2007, introduced the floating charge system. But from the legislative content, there are still many defects in the establishment of floating mortgage, the scope of the subject is too wide, the scope of the object is narrow, and the registration system is not complete. In view of this, on the one hand, we should, according to the commercial characteristics of floating charge, reform its establishment elements and procedures, adjust the scope of subject and object appropriately, and improve the registration system; on the other hand, we should perfect the relevant legislation. Set up supporting system, advance the development of floating charge in our country in an all-round way.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：青海民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D923

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