試論我國海上貨物運輸承運人責(zé)任制度
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-05 18:23
【摘要】：現(xiàn)代社會是沒有地域限制的社會，貿(mào)易的全球化正是體現(xiàn)這一點的有力證明。對于國際貿(mào)易的研究就離不開對國際海上貨物運輸?shù)难芯浚�，它是國際貿(mào)易中最重要的環(huán)節(jié)，而承運人責(zé)任制度是國際海上貨物運輸?shù)暮诵暮突A(chǔ)�，F(xiàn)在調(diào)整海上貨物運輸關(guān)系的國際公約包括有《海牙規(guī)則》、《維斯比規(guī)則》、《漢堡規(guī)則》，這三個公約產(chǎn)生于不同的航運背景下，代表了不同的價值取向，保護的當(dāng)事人也有所不同。它們對于承運人的責(zé)任期間、責(zé)任范圍、歸責(zé)原則與免責(zé)都做了不同的規(guī)定，這造成了航運立法的混亂。隨著航運業(yè)、貿(mào)易業(yè)的發(fā)展，它們的很多規(guī)定也已不在適應(yīng)社會的需要。因此，人們急切地需要通過修改現(xiàn)行國際公約以統(tǒng)一運輸法以及適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代社會的發(fā)展。于是《鹿特丹規(guī)則》出現(xiàn)了，這是航運立法上最年輕的國際公約，它代表了當(dāng)代社會的發(fā)展和需求，它制定了很多新規(guī)定，對于它的研究和評價，成了國際海上運輸法界的熱點�！堵固氐ひ�(guī)則》的新出臺也對我國《海商法》的修改提供了新的藍本。本文著重從四個方面研究承運人責(zé)任制度在三大國際公約中的規(guī)定，以及《鹿特丹規(guī)則》中的最新發(fā)展，并結(jié)合我國《海商法》中的規(guī)定提出修改我國相關(guān)規(guī)定的意見。本篇論文分成四個章節(jié)對上述問題進行了分析。 第一部分對承運人與承運人識別進行了研究。首先介紹了承運人的基本問題，然后從三大國際公約施行的時間順序介紹了承運人在該公約中的發(fā)展，接著簡單分析了《鹿特丹規(guī)則》和我國《海商法》中的相關(guān)規(guī)定，并從《鹿特丹規(guī)則》中的最新規(guī)定提出了對我國相關(guān)規(guī)定修改的啟示。最后，從海運實踐的角度，分析了承運人與實際承運人的區(qū)分。 第二部分對承運人的責(zé)任范圍展開了分析。此部分包括兩個方面：第一，承運人的責(zé)任期間，介紹了責(zé)任期間的基本理論問題以及期間從“鉤至鉤”到“港到港”再到“門到門”的發(fā)展方向，接著分析了我國的有關(guān)規(guī)定；第二，承運人的責(zé)任范圍，著重從適航義務(wù)和管貨義務(wù)的角度，以相關(guān)國際公約和我國國內(nèi)法的相關(guān)規(guī)定為基礎(chǔ)進行了探討。 第三部分是關(guān)于承運人的責(zé)任基礎(chǔ)。分別研究了三大國際公約確立的歸責(zé)原則與相應(yīng)免責(zé)事項的關(guān)系，以及當(dāng)事人應(yīng)如何舉證支持自己的主張，接著研究了《鹿特丹規(guī)則》中的最新發(fā)展。最后分析了我國采用的歸責(zé)原則，還有《鹿特丹規(guī)則》對修改我國相關(guān)規(guī)定的啟示。 第四部分提出了對完善我國海上貨物運輸承運人責(zé)任制度的建議。首先分析了修改我國相關(guān)規(guī)定之必要性。然后從承運人主體、責(zé)任期間、責(zé)任范圍、歸責(zé)原則這四個方面分別提出了與之相對應(yīng)的修改建議。
[Abstract]:The globalization of trade is proof of the fact that modern society is a society without geographical restrictions. The study of international trade is inseparable from the study of international carriage of goods by sea, which is the most important link in international trade, and the carrier liability system is the core and foundation of international carriage of goods by sea. The international conventions regulating the carriage of goods by sea now include the Hague rules, the Visby rules and the Hamburg rules. These three conventions come into being in different shipping backgrounds and represent different value orientations, and the parties to be protected are also different. They have different provisions on the carrier's liability period, scope of liability, imputation principle and exemption, which results in confusion of shipping legislation. With the development of shipping and trade, many of their regulations are no longer adapted to the needs of society. Therefore, people urgently need to amend the existing international conventions in order to unify the transport law and adapt to the development of modern society. So the Rotterdam rules, the youngest international convention in shipping legislation, represented the development and needs of contemporary society, and it made a lot of new regulations, research and evaluation of it. It has become a hot spot in the field of international maritime transport law. The new introduction of Rotterdam rules also provides a new blueprint for the revision of Maritime Law of China. This paper mainly studies the provisions of carrier liability system in three international conventions and the latest development of Rotterdam rules from four aspects, and puts forward some suggestions to amend the relevant provisions of our country in combination with the provisions in Maritime Law of China. This paper divides into four chapters to carry on the analysis to the above question. The first part studies the carrier and carrier identification. This paper first introduces the basic problems of the carrier, then introduces the development of the carrier in the three international conventions from the chronological order of the implementation of the three international conventions, and then briefly analyzes the Rotterdam rules and the relevant provisions of the Maritime Law of China. And from the latest regulations of Rotterdam rules, the enlightenment to the revision of relevant regulations in China is put forward. Finally, from the point of view of shipping practice, the distinction between carrier and actual carrier is analyzed. The second part analyzes the scope of the carrier's responsibility. This part includes two aspects: first, the carrier's period of responsibility, introduces the basic theoretical issues of the period of responsibility and the development direction of the period from "hook to hook" to "port to port" to "door to door". Secondly, the scope of the carrier's liability is discussed based on the relevant international conventions and the relevant provisions of China's domestic law from the point of view of seaworthiness obligations and cargo management obligations. The third part is about the carrier's responsibility basis. This paper studies the relationship between the principle of imputation and the corresponding exemption items established by the three international conventions, and how the parties should prove to support their claims, and then studies the latest development of the Rotterdam rules. Finally, the author analyzes the principle of imputation adopted in our country, and the enlightenment of Rotterdam Rule on the revision of relevant regulations in China. The fourth part puts forward some suggestions on how to perfect the carrier's liability system in China's carriage of goods by sea. First of all, the necessity of amending the relevant regulations of our country is analyzed. Then, the corresponding suggestions are put forward from four aspects: carrier subject, period of liability, scope of liability and principle of liability imputation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D996.19;D922.294
本文編號：2254403
[Abstract]:The globalization of trade is proof of the fact that modern society is a society without geographical restrictions. The study of international trade is inseparable from the study of international carriage of goods by sea, which is the most important link in international trade, and the carrier liability system is the core and foundation of international carriage of goods by sea. The international conventions regulating the carriage of goods by sea now include the Hague rules, the Visby rules and the Hamburg rules. These three conventions come into being in different shipping backgrounds and represent different value orientations, and the parties to be protected are also different. They have different provisions on the carrier's liability period, scope of liability, imputation principle and exemption, which results in confusion of shipping legislation. With the development of shipping and trade, many of their regulations are no longer adapted to the needs of society. Therefore, people urgently need to amend the existing international conventions in order to unify the transport law and adapt to the development of modern society. So the Rotterdam rules, the youngest international convention in shipping legislation, represented the development and needs of contemporary society, and it made a lot of new regulations, research and evaluation of it. It has become a hot spot in the field of international maritime transport law. The new introduction of Rotterdam rules also provides a new blueprint for the revision of Maritime Law of China. This paper mainly studies the provisions of carrier liability system in three international conventions and the latest development of Rotterdam rules from four aspects, and puts forward some suggestions to amend the relevant provisions of our country in combination with the provisions in Maritime Law of China. This paper divides into four chapters to carry on the analysis to the above question. The first part studies the carrier and carrier identification. This paper first introduces the basic problems of the carrier, then introduces the development of the carrier in the three international conventions from the chronological order of the implementation of the three international conventions, and then briefly analyzes the Rotterdam rules and the relevant provisions of the Maritime Law of China. And from the latest regulations of Rotterdam rules, the enlightenment to the revision of relevant regulations in China is put forward. Finally, from the point of view of shipping practice, the distinction between carrier and actual carrier is analyzed. The second part analyzes the scope of the carrier's responsibility. This part includes two aspects: first, the carrier's period of responsibility, introduces the basic theoretical issues of the period of responsibility and the development direction of the period from "hook to hook" to "port to port" to "door to door". Secondly, the scope of the carrier's liability is discussed based on the relevant international conventions and the relevant provisions of China's domestic law from the point of view of seaworthiness obligations and cargo management obligations. The third part is about the carrier's responsibility basis. This paper studies the relationship between the principle of imputation and the corresponding exemption items established by the three international conventions, and how the parties should prove to support their claims, and then studies the latest development of the Rotterdam rules. Finally, the author analyzes the principle of imputation adopted in our country, and the enlightenment of Rotterdam Rule on the revision of relevant regulations in China. The fourth part puts forward some suggestions on how to perfect the carrier's liability system in China's carriage of goods by sea. First of all, the necessity of amending the relevant regulations of our country is analyzed. Then, the corresponding suggestions are put forward from four aspects: carrier subject, period of liability, scope of liability and principle of liability imputation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D996.19;D922.294
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