【摘要】： 船舶經營人的識別問題是海事司法實踐中迫切需要解決的重要問題之一。雖然船舶經營人的概念早已在有關國際公約和我國《海商法》中出現(xiàn)，但對于其具體含義卻眾說紛紜。由于船舶經營人有權享受海事賠償責任限制，因此實踐中許多主體在需要承擔責任時經常以自己是船舶經營人來主張責任限制，這不僅不利于保護第三人的合法權益，從長遠來看也不利于海事賠償責任限制制度的存在和發(fā)展。因此，十分有必要在理論上明確船舶經營人所應具有的法律特征，為識別船舶經營人提供一個比較合理可行的標準。 由于實踐中對“船舶經營人”這一稱謂的使用比較混亂，使得對船舶經營人的研究不能從實踐當中業(yè)已存在的各種“船舶經營人”的表現(xiàn)形式入手，而必須從法律創(chuàng)設船舶經營人這一概念的本來意圖去把握它應當具有的法律特征。通過對《1967年統(tǒng)一船舶優(yōu)先權和抵押權公約》和《1976年海事賠償責任限制公約》對船舶經營人相關規(guī)定的分析，筆者認為船舶經營人在本質上應當是“能夠合法地占有或控制船舶”的一類主體。根據(jù)這一特征，筆者歸納出船舶經營人識別所應遵循的幾個標準，據(jù)此對實踐當中可能存在的船舶經營人進行了甄別，，并將船舶經營人與其他類似船舶經營人的主體加以比較，以求印證船舶經營人識別標準的合理性和可行性。在此基礎上，文章對船舶經營人的法律責任、登記、保險等相關問題都作了嘗試性探討，以求對完善我國與船舶經營人有關的法律規(guī)定有所裨益。
[Abstract]:The identification of ship operators is one of the most important problems in maritime judicial practice. Although the concept of ship operator has already appeared in the relevant international conventions and China's Maritime Law, there are different opinions on its specific meaning. Because the ship operator has the right to enjoy the limitation of liability for maritime claims, in practice, many subjects often claim the limitation of liability as they are the ship operators, which is not conducive to the protection of the legitimate rights and interests of the third party. In the long run, it is not conducive to the existence and development of the limitation system of maritime claims liability. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the legal characteristics of ship operators in theory, and to provide a reasonable and feasible standard for the identification of ship operators. Because of the confusion in the use of the term "ship operator" in practice, the study of ship operator cannot begin with the existing forms of expression of "ship operator" in practice. It is necessary to grasp the legal characteristics of ship operator from the original intention of creating the concept of ship operator by law. Through the analysis of the relevant provisions of the 1967 Convention for the Unification of Maritime liens and mortgages and the 1976 Convention on limitation of liability for Maritime claims, The author thinks that the ship operator should be a kind of subject which can legally occupy or control the ship in essence. According to this characteristic, the author sums up several standards that should be followed in the identification of ship operators, and then discriminates the possible ship operators in practice, and compares the ship operators with the main bodies of other similar ship operators. In order to verify the rationality and feasibility of ship operator identification standards. On this basis, the article makes a tentative discussion on the legal liability, registration, insurance and other related issues of the ship operator, in order to improve the legal provisions related to the ship operator in China.
【學位授予單位】：大連海事大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2003
【分類號】：D996.19

【引證文獻】

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