商業(yè)秘密保護中的競業(yè)禁止若干問題研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-14 08:43
【摘要】： 商戰(zhàn)不可無秘密。正是因為市場競爭的異常激烈,企業(yè)為在競爭中占據(jù)優(yōu)勢地位,將自己不為公眾知悉且能為企業(yè)帶來經(jīng)濟效益的技術(shù)信息或經(jīng)營信息采取保密措施,使之成為自己擁有的商業(yè)秘密。然而,再嚴(yán)密的保護措施也會讓別人找到疏漏之處進而通過不正當(dāng)競爭方式侵權(quán)。在我國,隨著市場經(jīng)濟的逐步完善與發(fā)展,人才的自由流動已成為一種必然趨勢,不少職工頻繁跳槽。由于許多跳槽的職工已掌握了原單位的商業(yè)秘密,該單位的競爭對手則不惜重金將其挖走。在高薪的利誘之下,許多職工紛紛跳槽,同時將其掌握的原企業(yè)的商業(yè)秘密披露給新的企業(yè)使用,致使原企業(yè)的競爭優(yōu)勢大打折扣,經(jīng)濟損失慘重。此外,離職職工利用原企業(yè)的商業(yè)秘密另起爐灶、自行創(chuàng)業(yè)的現(xiàn)象也相當(dāng)?shù)钠毡椤榇似髽I(yè)往往求助于競業(yè)禁止制度來限制企業(yè)人員流向競爭者的企業(yè)。通過競業(yè)禁止制度的建立,可以在一定程度上有效防止經(jīng)濟生活中日益猖獗的商業(yè)秘密侵權(quán)行為。 競業(yè)禁止原是西方發(fā)達國家的雇主對雇員所采取的以保護其商業(yè)秘密為目的的一種法律保護措施。隨著世界各國市場競爭的激烈化,其適用范圍日漸擴大,已成為民商法中的一個重要法律制度。競業(yè)禁止有廣狹二義,本文研究的是狹義上的競業(yè)禁止制度,是指對與特定營業(yè)具有特定民事法律關(guān)系的特定人所為的競爭性特定行為的禁止。競業(yè)禁止法律關(guān)系的雙方當(dāng)事人之間具有特定的民事法律關(guān)系。競業(yè)禁止所要限制的行為,實質(zhì)上是一種廣義上的不正當(dāng)競爭行為,其義務(wù)來源于法律規(guī)定或者當(dāng)事人約定。競業(yè)禁止的理論依據(jù)是經(jīng)濟學(xué)上的“代理成本理論”、法學(xué)上的誠實信用和忠實義務(wù)原則、契約自由原則與合理限制競爭原則。競業(yè)禁止的制度價值在于保護企業(yè)的商業(yè)秘密、促使企業(yè)高級管理人員勤勉敬業(yè),從而達到保護企業(yè)利益的最終目的。但是,目前,我國商業(yè)秘密保護中的競業(yè)禁止制度尚未形成完備的法律體系。由于法律制度的不完善使得在現(xiàn)實中,企業(yè)與員工簽訂競業(yè)禁止協(xié)議或條款時,出現(xiàn)種種的不規(guī)范,如競業(yè)禁止期間過長、適用對象過寬泛,競業(yè)禁止范圍過大等等,嚴(yán)重?fù)p害了勞動者的合法權(quán)益。在司法實踐中,如何有效保護企業(yè)的商業(yè)秘密,而又充分維護勞動者的合法權(quán)益,成為一個亟待解決的問題。本文試圖運用比較分析、價值分析等法學(xué)和經(jīng)濟學(xué)的思考方法,對商業(yè)秘密與競業(yè)禁止的基本問題,我國商業(yè)秘密保護中競業(yè)禁止的立法思路與法律保護模式,我國約定競業(yè)禁止的立法、司法現(xiàn)狀和存在的問題以及約定競業(yè)禁止糾紛的解決等問題進行探討。以期對我國商業(yè)秘密保護中競業(yè)禁止的立法起到一些借鑒作用,使我國商業(yè)秘密保護中的競業(yè)禁止制度能更有力的保護商業(yè)秘密,維護公平競爭的社會秩序。 文章從商業(yè)秘密保護著手,以此作為討論競業(yè)禁止問題的前提,認(rèn)為人才流動是引起商業(yè)秘密流失的重要途徑,而建立競業(yè)禁止制度是保護商業(yè)秘密的一種有效的方式。文章接著論述了競業(yè)禁止的含義及其相關(guān)法理,提出我國對商業(yè)秘密保護中競業(yè)禁止應(yīng)采取“慎重肯定與嚴(yán)格限制”的立法思路和法律保護模式。針對我國約定競業(yè)禁止的現(xiàn)狀,本文從立法、司法等方面提出了一些可行的完善建議。探討了約定競業(yè)禁止的合法要件,認(rèn)為應(yīng)當(dāng)從采用約定競業(yè)禁止的前提、承擔(dān)義務(wù)的主體范圍、限制擇業(yè)的范圍、限制的期限、限制的地域范圍以、合理的補償及競業(yè)禁止協(xié)議的形式等方面規(guī)范約定競業(yè)禁止的運用。對約定競業(yè)禁止糾紛的解決應(yīng)采取特殊的解決機制,如實行雙重認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、舉證責(zé)任倒置、借鑒國外禁令制度等。 法律的生命在于實踐,研究商業(yè)秘密保護中的競業(yè)禁止制度,就是要用合理的競業(yè)禁止制度限制不正當(dāng)競爭行為的發(fā)生,實實在在的保護市場經(jīng)濟中健康有序的競爭環(huán)境和商業(yè)秘密權(quán)利人的合法權(quán)益,阻止行為人破壞市場競爭秩序和侵犯商業(yè)秘密的不法意圖;就是要用合理的競業(yè)禁止制度限制商業(yè)秘密權(quán)人,不得濫用競業(yè)禁止,對勞動者課以沉重的負(fù)擔(dān),保護勞動者的合法權(quán)利不受侵害。競業(yè)禁止作為商業(yè)秘密保護的重要手段,其在立法上的完善關(guān)乎商業(yè)秘密保護體系的建立、勞動者合法權(quán)益的保護以及市場經(jīng)濟有序競爭秩序的維護與健康發(fā)展。因此,對商業(yè)秘密保護中的競業(yè)禁止的研究是極具理論和現(xiàn)實意義的。
[Abstract]:It is precisely because of the fierce competition in the market that enterprises take secret measures to make their own trade secrets in order to occupy an advantageous position in the competition and make their own technical or business information which is unknown to the public and can bring economic benefits to the enterprises. In China, with the gradual improvement and development of the market economy, the free flow of talents has become an inevitable trend, and many workers frequently change jobs. Under the lure of high salary, many workers change jobs one after another, and at the same time disclose the trade secrets of the original enterprise to the new enterprise, which greatly reduces the competitive advantage of the original enterprise and causes heavy economic losses. Enterprises often resort to non-competition system to restrict the flow of business personnel to competitors. The establishment of non-competition system can effectively prevent the increasingly rampant infringement of business secrets in economic life to a certain extent.
Prohibition of business strife is a kind of legal protection measure taken by employers in western developed countries to protect their employees'trade secrets. With the intensification of market competition in the world, its scope of application has become an important legal system in civil and commercial law. Prohibition of business strife has broad and narrow meanings. This paper studies it in a narrow sense. The system of prohibition of business strife refers to the prohibition of specific acts of competition by a specific person with a specific civil legal relationship with a particular business. The theoretical basis of non-competition is the "agency cost theory" in economics, the principle of good faith and loyalty in law, the principle of freedom of contract and the principle of reasonable restriction of competition. However, at present, the system of prohibition of business strife in the protection of trade secrets in China has not yet formed a complete legal system. In judicial practice, how to effectively protect the business secrets of enterprises and fully safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of workers has become an urgent problem to be solved. This paper attempts to use comparative analysis, value analysis and other legal methods. This paper discusses the basic problems of trade secrets and prohibition of business strife, the legislative thinking and legal protection mode of prohibition of business strife in the protection of trade secrets, the legislation of prohibition of business strife by agreement, the present judicial situation and existing problems, and the settlement of disputes over prohibition of business strife by agreement. The legislation of prohibition of business strife in secret protection can be used for reference, which makes the system of prohibition of business strife in the protection of business secrets more effective in protecting business secrets and maintaining the social order of fair competition.
Starting from the protection of trade secrets, this paper takes it as the premise of discussing the prohibition of business strife, and holds that the flow of talents is an important way to cause the loss of trade secrets, and the establishment of the prohibition system of business strife is an effective way to protect trade secrets. The legislative thinking and legal protection mode of "cautious affirmation and strict restriction" should be adopted in the prohibition of non-competition in secret protection. In view of the present situation of the prohibition of non-competition by agreement in China, this paper puts forward some feasible suggestions from the aspects of legislation and judicature, discusses the legal requirements of the prohibition of non-competition by agreement, and holds that the prohibition of non-competition by agreement should be adopted before. The scope of the subject of the obligation, the scope of choosing a job, the time limit, the geographical scope of the restriction, the reasonable compensation and the form of non-competition agreement should be standardized. Draw lessons from the foreign injunction system.
The life of law lies in practice. To study the system of non-competition in the protection of trade secrets is to restrict the occurrence of unfair competition with a reasonable system of non-competition, to protect the healthy and orderly competition environment in the market economy and the legitimate rights and interests of the obligee of trade secrets, to prevent the perpetrator from destroying the order of market competition and to prevent the perpetrator from destroying the order of market The illegal intention of infringing trade secrets is to restrict the right holder of trade secrets with a reasonable system of prohibition of business strife, not to abuse the prohibition of business strife, impose a heavy burden on laborers and protect their legitimate rights from infringement. The establishment of the protection system, the protection of the legitimate rights and interests of workers, and the maintenance and healthy development of the orderly competition order in the market economy, therefore, the study on the prohibition of competition in the protection of trade secrets is of great theoretical and practical significance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2006
【分類號】：D922.29;D923.4
[Abstract]:It is precisely because of the fierce competition in the market that enterprises take secret measures to make their own trade secrets in order to occupy an advantageous position in the competition and make their own technical or business information which is unknown to the public and can bring economic benefits to the enterprises. In China, with the gradual improvement and development of the market economy, the free flow of talents has become an inevitable trend, and many workers frequently change jobs. Under the lure of high salary, many workers change jobs one after another, and at the same time disclose the trade secrets of the original enterprise to the new enterprise, which greatly reduces the competitive advantage of the original enterprise and causes heavy economic losses. Enterprises often resort to non-competition system to restrict the flow of business personnel to competitors. The establishment of non-competition system can effectively prevent the increasingly rampant infringement of business secrets in economic life to a certain extent.
Prohibition of business strife is a kind of legal protection measure taken by employers in western developed countries to protect their employees'trade secrets. With the intensification of market competition in the world, its scope of application has become an important legal system in civil and commercial law. Prohibition of business strife has broad and narrow meanings. This paper studies it in a narrow sense. The system of prohibition of business strife refers to the prohibition of specific acts of competition by a specific person with a specific civil legal relationship with a particular business. The theoretical basis of non-competition is the "agency cost theory" in economics, the principle of good faith and loyalty in law, the principle of freedom of contract and the principle of reasonable restriction of competition. However, at present, the system of prohibition of business strife in the protection of trade secrets in China has not yet formed a complete legal system. In judicial practice, how to effectively protect the business secrets of enterprises and fully safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of workers has become an urgent problem to be solved. This paper attempts to use comparative analysis, value analysis and other legal methods. This paper discusses the basic problems of trade secrets and prohibition of business strife, the legislative thinking and legal protection mode of prohibition of business strife in the protection of trade secrets, the legislation of prohibition of business strife by agreement, the present judicial situation and existing problems, and the settlement of disputes over prohibition of business strife by agreement. The legislation of prohibition of business strife in secret protection can be used for reference, which makes the system of prohibition of business strife in the protection of business secrets more effective in protecting business secrets and maintaining the social order of fair competition.
Starting from the protection of trade secrets, this paper takes it as the premise of discussing the prohibition of business strife, and holds that the flow of talents is an important way to cause the loss of trade secrets, and the establishment of the prohibition system of business strife is an effective way to protect trade secrets. The legislative thinking and legal protection mode of "cautious affirmation and strict restriction" should be adopted in the prohibition of non-competition in secret protection. In view of the present situation of the prohibition of non-competition by agreement in China, this paper puts forward some feasible suggestions from the aspects of legislation and judicature, discusses the legal requirements of the prohibition of non-competition by agreement, and holds that the prohibition of non-competition by agreement should be adopted before. The scope of the subject of the obligation, the scope of choosing a job, the time limit, the geographical scope of the restriction, the reasonable compensation and the form of non-competition agreement should be standardized. Draw lessons from the foreign injunction system.
The life of law lies in practice. To study the system of non-competition in the protection of trade secrets is to restrict the occurrence of unfair competition with a reasonable system of non-competition, to protect the healthy and orderly competition environment in the market economy and the legitimate rights and interests of the obligee of trade secrets, to prevent the perpetrator from destroying the order of market competition and to prevent the perpetrator from destroying the order of market The illegal intention of infringing trade secrets is to restrict the right holder of trade secrets with a reasonable system of prohibition of business strife, not to abuse the prohibition of business strife, impose a heavy burden on laborers and protect their legitimate rights from infringement. The establishment of the protection system, the protection of the legitimate rights and interests of workers, and the maintenance and healthy development of the orderly competition order in the market economy, therefore, the study on the prohibition of competition in the protection of trade secrets is of great theoretical and practical significance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2006
【分類號】：D922.29;D923.4
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