【摘要】：很久以前,人類就開(kāi)始利用船舶進(jìn)行海上運(yùn)輸活動(dòng)。隨著世界各地聯(lián)系的日益加深以及科學(xué)技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展,海上運(yùn)輸變得更加快捷、高效,漸漸使它成為許多國(guó)家、地區(qū)重要的運(yùn)輸方式。但是船舶遠(yuǎn)離陸地,在茫茫大海上漂泊的漫長(zhǎng)航程中,難免遇上諸如惡劣天氣、疫情病變甚至是遭遇強(qiáng)盜等情況。為使船舶安全地劈波斬浪、遠(yuǎn)行萬(wàn)里,船長(zhǎng)作為船舶的最高指揮者與管理者的作用不言而喻,因此船長(zhǎng)被賦予各種公法、私法上的權(quán)力。而船長(zhǎng)警察權(quán)就是其中一個(gè)重要部分,它是船長(zhǎng)維護(hù)船舶秩序、保障在船人員、貨物以及船舶安全的重要的公權(quán)力。因此本文以船長(zhǎng)警察權(quán)為研究的出發(fā)點(diǎn),比較歸納有關(guān)船長(zhǎng)警察權(quán)的法律規(guī)定,探討行使船長(zhǎng)警察權(quán)的性質(zhì)與法律后果,希望能為船長(zhǎng)警察權(quán)的有關(guān)立法與制度建設(shè)略作綿力。本文共有四部分。 第一部分通過(guò)對(duì)船長(zhǎng)有關(guān)概念的界定,從船員是否包含船長(zhǎng)的角度,分析歸納各國(guó)對(duì)船長(zhǎng)的相關(guān)規(guī)定,得出需要厘清船長(zhǎng)與其它在船人員的結(jié)論。同時(shí)準(zhǔn)確界定海商法所探討的船長(zhǎng)的范圍。第二部分從警察學(xué)領(lǐng)域中一般意義的警察權(quán)的學(xué)說(shuō)入手,結(jié)合海上運(yùn)輸?shù)淖陨硖卣?總結(jié)船長(zhǎng)警察權(quán)的相關(guān)概念與特征,分析其構(gòu)成要素與正確行使船長(zhǎng)警察權(quán)的方式與范圍。第三部分通過(guò)分析與歸納各國(guó)家與地區(qū)關(guān)于船長(zhǎng)警察權(quán)的立法與制度建設(shè),發(fā)現(xiàn)我國(guó)對(duì)有關(guān)船長(zhǎng)警察權(quán)的立法規(guī)定只是散見(jiàn)在各部法律、法規(guī)中,并未建立完善的船長(zhǎng)警察權(quán)制度。從而,提出就保障船長(zhǎng)警察權(quán)的有效實(shí)施的問(wèn)題,如建議引入“懲戒權(quán)”及參考相關(guān)行使方式與程序等。第四部分通過(guò)分析船長(zhǎng)警察權(quán)侵權(quán)責(zé)任的概念和范圍,分析船長(zhǎng)警察權(quán)侵權(quán)責(zé)任的性質(zhì),指出船長(zhǎng)警察權(quán)侵權(quán)責(zé)任并非私法領(lǐng)域的侵權(quán)責(zé)任。另外,對(duì)國(guó)家賠償制度的概念與要素進(jìn)行分析,同時(shí)以國(guó)家賠償制度的五大要素為著眼點(diǎn),對(duì)船長(zhǎng)以及船長(zhǎng)警察權(quán)相關(guān)的權(quán)力性質(zhì)、行為性質(zhì)進(jìn)行分析,得出單純從私法的角度對(duì)船長(zhǎng)違法行使船長(zhǎng)警察權(quán)造成損害后果進(jìn)行歸責(zé)的不合理性。最后,對(duì)船長(zhǎng)警察權(quán)侵權(quán)責(zé)任適用國(guó)家賠償制度進(jìn)行展望。
[Abstract]:Long ago, man began to use ships for maritime transport. With the deepening of connections and the development of science and technology, maritime transportation becomes more efficient and faster, which makes it an important mode of transportation in many countries and regions. But the ship is far from land, and in the long voyage of the vast sea, it is inevitable to encounter such conditions as bad weather, epidemic disease and even encounter bandits and so on. In order to make the ship wave and wave safely, the master of the ship, as the supreme commander and manager of the ship, is self-evident, so the master is endowed with various powers in public and private law. The captain's police power is one of the important parts, which is an important public power for the captain to maintain the ship's order and ensure the ship's personnel, cargo and ship's safety. Therefore, this paper takes the captain's police power as the starting point, compares and sums up the legal provisions of the captain's police power, discusses the nature and legal consequences of exercising the captain's police power, and hopes to make a little effort for the legislation and system construction of the captain's police power. There are four parts in this paper. The first part through the definition of the concept of the captain, from the point of view of whether the crew includes the captain, analyzes and summarizes the relevant provisions of various countries to the captain, and draws the conclusion that it is necessary to clarify the captain and other persons on board the ship. At the same time accurately define the maritime law explored the scope of the captain. The second part begins with the theory of police power in general meaning in the field of police science, combining with the characteristics of maritime transportation, summarizes the related concepts and characteristics of the captain's police power, analyzes its constituent elements and the way and scope of correctly exercising the captain's police power. In the third part, by analyzing and summarizing the legislation and system construction of the captain's police power in various countries and regions, it is found that the legislative provisions on the captain's police power in our country are only scattered in the laws and regulations of various departments. There is no perfect system of captain's police power. Therefore, the paper puts forward some problems to ensure the effective implementation of the captain's police power, such as the introduction of "disciplinary power" and reference to relevant exercise methods and procedures. The fourth part analyzes the concept and scope of the tort liability of the captain's police power, analyzes the nature of the tort liability of the captain's police power, and points out that the tort liability of the captain's police power is not the tort liability in the field of private law. In addition, the concept and elements of the national compensation system are analyzed. At the same time, with the five elements of the national compensation system as the focus, the power nature and the behavior nature of the captain and the captain's police power are analyzed. The conclusion is that it is not reasonable to impute the damage consequences of the captain's illegal exercise of the captain's police power from the angle of private law. Finally, the application of the state compensation system to the tort liability of the captain's police power is prospected.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D922.14

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本文編號(hào)：2159151