【摘要】： 隨著海運的發(fā)展,提單作為一種海運單據(jù)應運而生,成為收貨人向承運人提貨所必不可少的憑證。根據(jù)我國《海商法》以及國際公約等的規(guī)定,承運人必須憑正本提單交貨。然而,在實踐中,承運人常常憑保函和提單副本放貨,這就使得無單放貨糾紛案件大量出現(xiàn)。無單放貨行為的責任歸屬問題也成為案件當事人爭議的焦點、理論界的研究熱點、司法界的難點。因為對無單放貨行為責任的定性不同會直接關系到當事人權利義務的確定以及不同的訴訟結果。因此,對無單放貨的責任歸屬與例外研究也顯得尤為重要。 該篇論文首先從無單放貨的法律性質出發(fā),明確了無單放貨的違法性及認定的依據(jù),接著以法律解釋方法中的文義解釋方法、體系解釋方法等多種解釋方法探討了提單的法律屬性,得出提單兼具物權效力與債權效力。其次,采用比較分析與歸納分析相結合的方法對承運人無單放貨的責任歸屬的四種理論學說——侵權責任說、違約責任說、例外侵權責任說和侵權違約責任競合說進行了評價,并由此提出筆者所傾向的學說——侵權違約責任競合說。接著探討了在不同相關人下,無單放貨責任歸屬的不同認定。并在從實體和程序上兩方面比較了侵權之訴和違約之訴之不同后,引出筆者對違約之訴的偏好,提出對于完善國內相關立法的建議。這也是該論文的核心與創(chuàng)新之處。最后,從航運實踐中可允許的幾種無單放貨責任歸屬的例外情形以及對大量存在的保函的態(tài)度等問題出發(fā),采用實證與規(guī)范相結合的方法,來論述各種學說的優(yōu)缺點,對無單放貨的責任歸屬與例外問題加以梳理,對保函的不同態(tài)度嘗試性地提出質疑,并找出最適合我國的解決途徑。并對當前各個法系對記名提單下無單放貨責任是否免除的不同觀點中,采用體系解釋方法提出自己的觀點:記名提單下承運人也須憑正本提單交付貨物。
[Abstract]:With the development of marine transportation, bill of lading as a shipping document emerged as a necessary document for the consignee to pick up the goods from the carrier. According to China's Maritime Law and international conventions, the carrier must deliver the original bill of lading. However, in practice, carriers often release goods on the basis of letters of guarantee and copies of bills of lading, which leads to a large number of disputes over the delivery of goods without bills of lading. The issue of liability attribution of undocumented delivery of goods has also become the focus of dispute between the parties involved in the case, the research hotspot in the theoretical field and the difficulty in the judicial field. Because the nature of the liability of undocumented delivery will be directly related to the determination of the parties' rights and obligations as well as the different litigation results. Therefore, it is particularly important to study the attribution and exception of undocumented delivery. This paper firstly starts from the legal nature of the delivery of goods without bill of lading, and clarifies the illegality and the basis of the determination of the delivery of goods without bills, and then uses the method of literal interpretation in the method of legal interpretation. This paper discusses the legal attribute of bill of lading and concludes that bill of lading has both the effect of real right and the validity of creditor's rights. Secondly, this paper uses the method of comparative analysis and inductive analysis to evaluate the four theories of liability attribution of carrier's delivery of goods without bill of lading-tort liability theory, breach liability theory, exception tort liability theory and tort liability concurrence theory. And from this, I tend to put forward the theory-tort liability for breach of contract competing theory. Then it discusses the different cognizance of the responsibility of delivery without documents under different related persons. After comparing the difference between tort action and breach of contract action from the substantive and procedural aspects, the author leads to the author's preference for breach of contract action, and puts forward some suggestions for perfecting the relevant domestic legislation. This is also the core of the paper and innovation. Finally, this paper discusses the merits and demerits of various theories by using the method of combining empirical and normative approaches, starting from several exceptions to the attribution of undocumented delivery liability and attitude towards a large number of existing warranties, which are permitted in shipping practice. This paper combs the problem of liability attribution and exception of delivery without documents, tries to question the different attitudes of guarantee, and finds out the most suitable solution for our country. In view of the different views of each legal system on whether or not to release the goods without bill of lading, the system interpretation method is adopted: the carrier under the registered bill of lading also has to deliver the goods by the original bill of lading.
【學位授予單位】：天津財經(jīng)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：D922.29

【引證文獻】

相關碩士學位論文 前3條

1 陳豫懿;論海運提貨保函的法律效力[D];天津財經(jīng)大學;2009年

2 肖建依;無單放貨國際私法問題研究[D];復旦大學;2009年

3 王超;承運人無單放貨法律責任研究[D];天津財經(jīng)大學;2011年

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本文編號：2153836