【摘要】： 現(xiàn)今的國(guó)際貿(mào)易中，大量的商事行為都是依靠代理完成的。商事代理人制度可以擴(kuò)張商事主體的商事能力，擴(kuò)大其經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)的半徑，對(duì)促進(jìn)專業(yè)化分工、節(jié)約交易成本具有重要作用�，F(xiàn)今的商事代理業(yè)務(wù)范圍極廣，種類繁多。就其范圍而言，既發(fā)生于國(guó)內(nèi)貿(mào)易之中，更活躍于國(guó)際貿(mào)易領(lǐng)域；既以有形商品為客體，又可以無形商品為對(duì)象�？梢哉f商事代理在商品經(jīng)濟(jì)世界內(nèi)，無所不在。國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易活動(dòng)中代理人已經(jīng)成為不可或缺的重要角色。例如日本，有7000多家代理機(jī)構(gòu)，外貿(mào)代理額占其進(jìn)出口總額的80％左右，德國(guó)60000多家，約占進(jìn)出口總額30％。實(shí)行外貿(mào)代理制，是我國(guó)外貿(mào)體制改革的重要內(nèi)容之一。 傳統(tǒng)的外貿(mào)代理制是我國(guó)特有的一種法律制度，是建立在外貿(mào)國(guó)家管制下的外貿(mào)專營(yíng)權(quán)的基礎(chǔ)上的有中國(guó)特色的產(chǎn)物。這樣一種帶有行政干預(yù)性質(zhì)的代理制度的出現(xiàn)與經(jīng)典的代理理論相悖，也造成了規(guī)范代理制度的法律體系的混亂。隨著《對(duì)外貿(mào)易法》的修訂，外貿(mào)專營(yíng)權(quán)的取消，外貿(mào)代理也應(yīng)該回歸到自然的代理理論狀態(tài)下：即作為商事代理的一種本來狀態(tài)。 本文論述共分為四章。 第一章介紹兩大法系代理理論與立法狀況。兩大法系的代理制度于存在共性的同時(shí)，也存在著相異的特性。大陸法系代理法的立法理論基礎(chǔ)是區(qū)別論，而英美法系立法基礎(chǔ)是被代理人與代理人的等同論。隨著國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易的發(fā)展，兩大法系在代理理論上出現(xiàn)了融合的趨勢(shì)�！秶�(guó)際貨物銷售代理公約》便是一個(gè)顯著的標(biāo)志。它逾越了代理法在兩大法系的鴻溝，達(dá)成了代理法律關(guān)系有限度的統(tǒng)一，是至今為止在統(tǒng)一代理法方面最成功、最完備的國(guó)際公約。第二章按照我國(guó)外貿(mào)代理制法律調(diào)整的演進(jìn)的順序，對(duì)不同時(shí)期下外貿(mào)代理法律制度的變遷和法律改進(jìn)的表現(xiàn)，外貿(mào)代理法律體系的運(yùn)作和矛盾沖突進(jìn)行分析評(píng)述。傳統(tǒng)的外貿(mào)代理制是我國(guó)特有的一種法律制度，是建立在外貿(mào)經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)壟斷的基礎(chǔ)之上的有中國(guó)特色的產(chǎn)物，在實(shí)踐中出現(xiàn)了許多法律沖突。我國(guó)外貿(mào)代理法律制度盡管在歷史上存在著行政干預(yù)的色彩，但隨著加入WTO和對(duì)外貿(mào)易經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)的放開，我國(guó)的外貿(mào)代理法律制度從理論和實(shí)踐來看都符合國(guó)際商事代理的特征，，是其典型形式之一。第三章指出以我國(guó)《對(duì)外貿(mào)易法》的修訂為契機(jī)，對(duì)新形勢(shì)下外貿(mào)代理法律制度進(jìn)行新的法律定位，指出外貿(mào)代理應(yīng)回歸到商事代理的本質(zhì)，同時(shí)分析闡述了現(xiàn)行法律體系對(duì)我國(guó)外貿(mào)代理法律制度的調(diào)整及其缺陷。本文在第四章中對(duì)我國(guó)外貿(mào)代理法律體系的完善提出了具體的建議，指出我國(guó)的外貿(mào)代理法律體系應(yīng)該在繼承大陸法系代理法傳統(tǒng)的同時(shí)，最大限度地移植英美代理法的先進(jìn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)、借鑒國(guó)際上先進(jìn)立法經(jīng)驗(yàn)，并使之融入我國(guó)現(xiàn)有的民事立法與民法學(xué)說之中，完善我國(guó)的代理法律體系，同時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)將外貿(mào)代理作為一種普通的商事代理制度，在我國(guó)的基本民商法規(guī)則中予以規(guī)范，遵循市場(chǎng)交易的基本法律規(guī)范。
[Abstract]:In today's international trade, a large number of commercial acts are accomplished by proxy. The system of commercial agents can expand the business ability of the business subject, expand the radius of its business activities, and play an important role in promoting professional division of labor and saving the transaction cost. It takes place in the domestic trade and is more active in the field of international trade; it is not only the object of the tangible goods, but also the intangible goods. It can be said that the commercial agent is omnipresent in the commodity economy world. The agent has become an indispensable and important role in the international economic and trade activities. For example, there are more than 7000 agencies in Japan. The amount of foreign trade agency accounts for about 80% of its total import and export, more than 60000 in Germany and about 30%. of total import and export, which is one of the important contents of the reform of China's foreign trade system.
The traditional foreign trade agency system is a unique legal system in our country. It is a product of Chinese characteristics based on the foreign trade franchise under the control of foreign trade countries. This kind of agency system with administrative intervention is contrary to the classical agency theory, and has also created the confusion of the legal system of standardizing the agency system. With the revision of the foreign trade law and the cancellation of the foreign trade franchise, the agent of foreign trade should also return to the state of natural agency theory, that is, the original state of the commercial agent.
This article is divided into four chapters.
The first chapter introduces the agency theory and the legislative situation of the two major legal systems. The agency system of the two legal systems has the characteristics of dissimilarity. The legislative basis of the agency law of the continental law system is the distinction theory, while the legislative basis of the Anglo American law system is the same theory as the agent and the agent. With the development of the international economic and trade, the two major The law of legal system has a trend of integration in the agency theory. The Convention on Agency for international sales of goods is a marked sign. It oversteps the gap between the agency law in the two legal systems, and has reached a limited unity of agency legal relations. It is the most successful and complete International Convention on the unified agency law so far. The second chapter is in accordance with our foreign countries. The order of the evolution of the legal adjustment of trade agency system is analyzed and commented on the changes of the legal system of foreign trade agency and the performance of the legal improvement under different periods, the operation of the legal system of foreign trade agency and the conflict and conflict. The traditional foreign trade agency system is a special legal system in our country, which is based on the monopoly of the foreign trade management right. There are many conflicts of law in the practice of Chinese characteristics. Although China's foreign trade agency legal system has the color of administrative intervention in history, with the entry of WTO and the liberalized trade right of foreign trade, the legal system of foreign trade agency of our country is in accordance with the characteristics of international commercial agency from theory and practice. The third chapter points out that taking the amendment of the foreign trade law of our country as an opportunity to make a new legal position on the legal system of foreign trade agency under the new situation, points out that the foreign trade agency should return to the essence of commercial agency, and also analyzes and expounds the adjustment and defects of the current legal system on the legal system of foreign trade in our country. The four chapter puts forward specific suggestions on the perfection of the legal system of foreign trade agency in China, and points out that our foreign trade agency legal system should inherit the tradition of the agency law of the continental law system, transplant the advanced experience of the Anglo American agency law to the maximum, draw lessons from the advanced international legislation, and integrate it into the existing civil legislation in our country. In the theory of civil law, the legal system of our country should be perfected. At the same time, the foreign trade agency should be used as an ordinary commercial agency system. It should be standardized in the rules of basic civil and commercial law in our country and follow the basic legal norms of market trading.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號(hào)】：D922.295;D923

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