【摘要】：本文主要是通過對典當(dāng)行功能在當(dāng)代的變化來解釋和分析典當(dāng)?shù)姆梢饬x，對與典當(dāng)行有關(guān)的規(guī)則用現(xiàn)代民法理論解釋，提出對典當(dāng)業(yè)營業(yè)規(guī)則的立法建議，使其成為未來的《典當(dāng)業(yè)法》的一部分內(nèi)容。本文分為四部分： 第一部分是本文的理論基礎(chǔ)。首先本文對學(xué)術(shù)界關(guān)于典當(dāng)?shù)膬煞N學(xué)說，即營業(yè)質(zhì)權(quán)說和特殊物權(quán)說加以評析。關(guān)于營業(yè)質(zhì)權(quán)說本文認(rèn)為從典當(dāng)行的現(xiàn)實(shí)功能和民法基本理論上論證，從而否定了它存在的價(jià)值，因此關(guān)于典當(dāng)僅是營業(yè)質(zhì)權(quán)的觀點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)變成典當(dāng)是否僅為質(zhì)權(quán)；關(guān)于特殊物權(quán)說，本文主要通過對認(rèn)為典當(dāng)是特殊物權(quán)與將典當(dāng)力圖在既有體系下解釋進(jìn)行了成本比較，從而得出將典當(dāng)在既有民商法律體系內(nèi)解釋的成本要小于把典當(dāng)看成特殊物權(quán)的觀點(diǎn)。其次本文通過對典當(dāng)一詞流變的考察明確了典當(dāng)合用已成為一種習(xí)慣，不應(yīng)人為的分割，并以此為基礎(chǔ)對典當(dāng)在當(dāng)代應(yīng)有的涵義加以分析論證，認(rèn)為對典當(dāng)不應(yīng)局限于權(quán)利，應(yīng)以其從事的行為角度考慮，設(shè)定它為營業(yè)行為。這種觀點(diǎn)是對已有的關(guān)于典當(dāng)解釋的突破，它以行為解釋典當(dāng)使典當(dāng)能夠滿足當(dāng)代發(fā)展的需要，并使其能在既有的民商法體系中找到合適的位置，因?yàn)槿绻麑⒌洚?dāng)解釋成營業(yè)行為就可以運(yùn)用民法關(guān)于法律行為的理論，這時(shí)對于典當(dāng)行而言它的經(jīng)營就不會被局限于動產(chǎn)質(zhì)權(quán)，而是根據(jù)民法中的意思自治原則在法律不禁止時(shí)采用符合典當(dāng)行利益的經(jīng)營品種，當(dāng)然可以包括一直為法學(xué)界所否認(rèn)的不動產(chǎn)抵押。最后本文對作為營業(yè)行為的典當(dāng)?shù)男再|(zhì)和特點(diǎn)做了闡述，性質(zhì)上認(rèn)為典當(dāng)是商行為，它與銀行、保險(xiǎn)一樣都屬于商。關(guān)于典當(dāng)?shù)奶攸c(diǎn)，本文主要通過它與擔(dān)保物權(quán)的比較得出了歷史性、營業(yè)性、融資性和主體特定性等特點(diǎn)。 第二部分是在第一部分的基礎(chǔ)上對典當(dāng)業(yè)中適用的習(xí)慣與規(guī)則加以解釋論證，以利于立法建議的提出。本部分以典當(dāng)?shù)姆尚袨樾再|(zhì)為基礎(chǔ)， WP=49 對典當(dāng)法律關(guān)系的主體、客體和內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了闡釋。對于典當(dāng)?shù)闹黧w本文分成典當(dāng)?shù)慕?jīng)營主體、典當(dāng)?shù)慕杩钊�、典�?dāng)?shù)牡谌�；對于典�?dāng)?shù)目腕w，本文依動產(chǎn)、不動產(chǎn)、財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)利、財(cái)產(chǎn)分別加以解釋，并對有爭議的后三類做了較詳細(xì)的分析，澄清了以往對典當(dāng)法律關(guān)系中典當(dāng)標(biāo)的的不正確認(rèn)識。典當(dāng)證書是典當(dāng)法律關(guān)系的憑證，本文認(rèn)為典當(dāng)證書也就是當(dāng)票在我國民法中的性質(zhì)不同于其在瑞士，在瑞士它應(yīng)是物權(quán)憑證，而在我國習(xí)慣上把它看成物權(quán)證券，且由于習(xí)慣上認(rèn)票不認(rèn)人，因此本文認(rèn)為它具有無因性的特點(diǎn)。關(guān)于典當(dāng)?shù)睦�、期限、費(fèi)用，本文主要從典當(dāng)在當(dāng)代所具備的功能來考察，認(rèn)為對利息應(yīng)當(dāng)在國家基準(zhǔn)利率的基礎(chǔ)上允許典當(dāng)行上下浮動，以促進(jìn)行業(yè)之間的競爭；關(guān)于費(fèi)用本文認(rèn)為應(yīng)當(dāng)對現(xiàn)有規(guī)定改變，不對費(fèi)用收取做強(qiáng)行性規(guī)定而由經(jīng)營主體自行決定。典當(dāng)業(yè)的行業(yè)習(xí)慣是典當(dāng)行在經(jīng)營中逐漸形成的，其中有些與現(xiàn)代民法的基本原則矛盾，有些則需要用民法理論解釋。抽當(dāng)是典當(dāng)業(yè)的習(xí)慣，它與物權(quán)法關(guān)于擔(dān)保物的不可分割性沖突，本文認(rèn)為解決原則在于：一是尊重歷史上形成的習(xí)慣，二是有利于經(jīng)濟(jì)效率。為此本文建議在典當(dāng)業(yè)法中對之規(guī)定。頂當(dāng)也是典當(dāng)業(yè)習(xí)慣，但它基本符合擔(dān)保物權(quán)法的基本原則，因此可以在民法體系中找到位置。關(guān)于作為擔(dān)保的動產(chǎn)毀損的賠償，本文認(rèn)為應(yīng)當(dāng)平衡雙方的利益，傾向于保護(hù)動產(chǎn)的所有人。典當(dāng)法律關(guān)系的消滅主要涉及到動產(chǎn)質(zhì)權(quán)在典當(dāng)行如何實(shí)現(xiàn)的問題。有兩種觀點(diǎn)，一是認(rèn)為流質(zhì)，二是認(rèn)為清算。流質(zhì)一直都是我國典當(dāng)業(yè)的行業(yè)習(xí)慣，但從法律發(fā)展的趨勢看流質(zhì)已為各國所拋棄，主要原因是流質(zhì)不能很好的保護(hù)質(zhì)押人的利益，且通常提到流質(zhì)時(shí)對清算費(fèi)用的節(jié)省也并無實(shí)證。本文運(yùn)用經(jīng)濟(jì)分析的方法對這兩種觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了比較，得出了采用清算更為適宜的結(jié)論。 第三部分的功用在于說明本文所論證內(nèi)容的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義，使理論研究與生產(chǎn)、生活實(shí)踐有機(jī)結(jié)合起來。本部分對典當(dāng)行的功能劃分為兩類：一是生產(chǎn)性融資功能，二是消費(fèi)性融資功能。生產(chǎn)性融資功能主要在于解決廣大中小企業(yè)和個體工商戶融資難的現(xiàn)實(shí)問題，希望通過處于發(fā)展中的典當(dāng) WP=50 行能夠積極的發(fā)揮它的階段性功能，在為他們?nèi)谫Y的同時(shí)，實(shí)現(xiàn)我國中小企業(yè)信用的提升。消費(fèi)性融資功能主要是在各種信用消費(fèi)未能在推動平民消費(fèi)的情況下，，起到與生產(chǎn)性融資一樣的功能，即推動消費(fèi)對生產(chǎn)的拉動和培育個人信用。消費(fèi)性融資的另一功用是減少高利貸出現(xiàn)的機(jī)會。 第四部分是全文的結(jié)論性部分，它以前面的論證為基礎(chǔ)提出實(shí)現(xiàn)典當(dāng)業(yè)立法完善的建議。通過對我國典當(dāng)業(yè)法律現(xiàn)狀的描述，看到我國急需對典當(dāng)業(yè)加以立法規(guī)制，這既有利于典當(dāng)業(yè)的發(fā)展又有利于國家的管理。本文通過對關(guān)于典當(dāng)業(yè)的立法模式進(jìn)行了比較，認(rèn)為對典當(dāng)業(yè)單獨(dú)立法的模式優(yōu)于將典當(dāng)規(guī)定在民法典中。為了便于立法機(jī)關(guān)參考本文將前述論證得出的結(jié)論一一總結(jié)列出。
[Abstract]:This paper explains and analyzes the legal significance of pawnshops through the changes of the functions of the pawnshops in the contemporary times , explains the rules relating to the pawnshops in modern civil law , and puts forward some legislative suggestions on the business rules of the pawn industry , which makes it a part of the future law of pawnpawnshops . The article is divided into four parts :








The first part is the theoretical basis of this paper . Firstly , this paper analyzes the two theories about pawnbroker , namely , the theory of business quality and the special property right . On the basis of the theory of business quality , this paper argues that it is worth discussing from the practical function of pawn and the basic theory of civil law , thus denying the value of its existence .
On the basis of the author ' s conclusion that the pawnbroker should not be limited to the right , it can be used to find the right place in the existing civil and commercial law system .








The second part , on the basis of the first part , explains the applied habits and rules in the pawn industry , which is beneficial to the proposal of legislation . This part is based on the property of the law of pawn .

















WP=49








The subject , object and content of the relationship between pawn and pawn are explained . For the main body of pawn , this article is divided into pawn business subject , pawn borrower and pawnbroker third person .
On the basis of the national benchmark interest rate , the author thinks that the interest should be allowed to float up and down on the basis of the national benchmark interest rate , so as to promote competition among industry .
In this paper , the author thinks that it should balance the interests of the two parties and to protect the owner of movable property .








The function of the third part is to illustrate the practical significance of the content in this paper , combine the theory research with the production and living practice . This part divides the functions of the pawn line into two categories : one is the productive financing function , the second is the consumptive financing function . The productive financing function is mainly to solve the realistic problem of the financing difficult of the large and medium - sized enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households , and hopes to adopt the pawn in development

















WP=50








The bank can play its stage sexual function actively , and realize the promotion of the credit of the small and medium - sized enterprises in our country while financing them . The consumption financing function mainly plays the same function as the productive financing under the condition that various credit consumption fails to promote the consumption of the civilian population , that is , the promotion of the consumption to the production and the cultivation of personal credit . The other function of consumption financing is to reduce the chances of high - interest lending .








The fourth part is the concluding part of the whole text , which is based on the previous argument and puts forward some suggestions for the perfection of the legislation of pawn industry . Through the comparison of the current legislation pattern of the pawn industry , it is believed that the model of the individual legislation of pawn industry is better than that in the civil code . In order to facilitate the legislative organs to make reference to the conclusion drawn from the above arguments .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2004
【分類號】：D913

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 盧顯洋;;《典當(dāng)行管理?xiàng)l例(征求意見稿)》若干制度分析[J];法制與經(jīng)濟(jì)(中旬);2013年03期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前10條

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2 陰海霞;民間金融的組織模式與運(yùn)作機(jī)制研究[D];山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2007年

3 張傳政;論營業(yè)質(zhì)權(quán)[D];西南政法大學(xué);2007年

4 程璐琳;中國典當(dāng)法律制度研究[D];西南政法大學(xué);2007年

5 黃朝華;論我國典當(dāng)法律制度的完善[D];對外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué);2007年

6 陳曦;流質(zhì)契約問題研究[D];西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué);2008年

7 張建超;營業(yè)質(zhì)權(quán)研究[D];首都經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué);2009年

8 鄧海兵;論民事習(xí)慣與制定法的沖突與調(diào)適[D];湘潭大學(xué);2009年

9 張偉;民國上海典當(dāng)法律問題研究[D];上海師范大學(xué);2009年

10 李提稱;我國典當(dāng)法律制度完善研究[D];貴州大學(xué);2009年

本文編號：2127540