本文選題：外觀主義 + 交易安全��； 參考：《湘潭大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 外觀主義,亦稱外觀理論,系德國私法學(xué)者在本世紀(jì)初應(yīng)社會商品經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展要求設(shè)計(jì)的一項(xiàng)法律規(guī)則,它系將真實(shí)權(quán)利人與表見權(quán)利人之間的內(nèi)部法律關(guān)系加以掩蓋,并以外觀事實(shí)對外表征,同時為避免在第三人基于信賴外觀事實(shí)而實(shí)施法律行為后第三人之權(quán)益受損,在外觀事實(shí)與該內(nèi)部法律關(guān)系不一致時,肯認(rèn)善意的第三人所實(shí)施的法律行為有效并實(shí)現(xiàn)其交易目的,而真實(shí)權(quán)利人則承擔(dān)權(quán)利受損的不利益。 助借于諸多私法學(xué)者的觀點(diǎn)后,外觀主義得到了長足發(fā)展。外觀主義的內(nèi)在要素主要包括幾個方面:外觀事實(shí)的存在、本人對外觀事實(shí)的形成具有可歸責(zé)性、第三人的合理信賴、表見權(quán)利人與善意第三人的法律行為強(qiáng)制有效。基于對法律價值的考量與取舍,外觀主義在不同的歷史時期具有不同的內(nèi)在要素,同時對法律關(guān)系當(dāng)事人的損益平衡標(biāo)準(zhǔn)亦有不同的分類。由于“善意”的概念具有高度的抽象性,在司法實(shí)踐中對外觀主義的內(nèi)核即對第三人善意的判斷常具有操作上的不便,但在美國法中,善意制度卻運(yùn)行良好,故而借鑒美國法上對“善意”的界定方法,即“排除器”式的善意定義方式,并結(jié)合大陸法系的誠實(shí)信用原則來詮釋“善意”,使外觀主義的內(nèi)核在司法實(shí)踐中更具有可操作性。對外觀主義適用場域的研究必須建立在對具體法律現(xiàn)象的目的性、邏輯性的整合的基礎(chǔ)上,而在社會經(jīng)濟(jì)生活中,典型的外觀主義適用的場域主要體現(xiàn)在民法上的善意取得制度和表見代理制度、商法上的票據(jù)表見制度和股權(quán)表見制度中,而對于此的詳解將為司法實(shí)踐提供直接的參考。
[Abstract]:Externalism, also known as the theory of appearance, is a legal rule designed by German private law scholars at the beginning of this century in response to the demand of the development of social commodity economy. It covers up the internal legal relationship between the real right holder and the apparent right holder. And in order to avoid damage to the rights and interests of the third party after the legal act is carried out by the third party on the basis of trusted outward facts, when the external facts are not consistent with the internal legal relationship, The third party who is willing to admit that the legal act carried out by the bona fide third party is effective and achieves the purpose of transaction, while the real right holder bears the unfavorable interests of the damage of the right, and with the help of the views of many private law scholars, the doctrine of appearance has been developed rapidly. The internal elements of outward appearance mainly include several aspects: the existence of the appearance fact, the imputability of the formation of the appearance fact, the reasonable trust of the third party, the compulsory validity of the legal behavior of the obligee and the bona fide third party. Based on the consideration and choice of the legal value, the appearance doctrine has different internal elements in different historical periods, at the same time, it also has different classification to the profit and loss balance standard of the legal relation parties. Because the concept of "good will" is highly abstract, in judicial practice, the kernel of appearance doctrine, that is, the judgment of the third party's good will, is often inconvenient in operation, but in American law, the system of good faith works well. Therefore, drawing lessons from the definition method of "good faith" in American law, that is, "exclusion device", and combining the principle of good faith in the continental law system, it interprets "good faith". So that the core of appearance in judicial practice more operable. The research on the field of application of externalism must be based on the integration of the purpose and logic of the specific legal phenomena, and in the social and economic life, The typical field of appearance doctrine is mainly embodied in the system of bona fide acquisition and apparent agency in civil law, and in the system of negotiable instruments and equity in commercial law, and the detailed explanation of this will provide a direct reference for judicial practice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D913

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本文編號：1999259