本文選題：定期租船 + 租金支付　； 參考：《大連海事大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：在定期租船合同中,租金支付條款的法律地位往往存在著爭(zhēng)議。在英國(guó)法下,合同條款被分為條件條款、中間條款與保證條款三類,其主要區(qū)別在于非違約方可援引的救濟(jì)方式不同。長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)租金支付條款在司法實(shí)踐中被認(rèn)定為中間條款,僅在承租人的行為構(gòu)成毀約的情況下,出租人才可以主張損害賠償。然而對(duì)于毀約并沒(méi)有一個(gè)非常明確的規(guī)定,在司法實(shí)踐中往往需要根據(jù)個(gè)案的特殊情況加以判斷,并沒(méi)有一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。這使得出租人在撤船后請(qǐng)求損害賠償權(quán)利上存在著不確定性。在通常所使用的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)期租合同格式中往往都規(guī)定當(dāng)承租人未能按時(shí)支付租金時(shí),出租人有權(quán)撤回船舶,這一有關(guān)撤船權(quán)的約定使租金支付條款具有條件條款的特征——合同一方的違約行為賦予另一方解除合同的權(quán)利。但是,對(duì)于撤船的約定并不能當(dāng)然使得租金支付條款成為條件條款,此項(xiàng)約定一般僅被認(rèn)為是賦予出租人解約的選擇權(quán)。在The Astra一案中,法官通過(guò)分析認(rèn)定租金支付條款為條件條款,但是在最高法院未作出有拘束力的決定之前,這仍是一個(gè)需要討論的問(wèn)題。此外,在2015年發(fā)布的最新紐約土產(chǎn)格式中,明確了出租人撤船后請(qǐng)求損害賠償?shù)臋?quán)利,這一修訂表明了航運(yùn)業(yè)的需求。因此,本文專門對(duì)租金支付條款的法律地位加以研究,以期對(duì)航運(yùn)及司法實(shí)踐具有一定的借鑒作用。本文正文包括四部分。第一部分主要介紹了英國(guó)合同法下合同條款的歷史發(fā)展及其分類。通過(guò)對(duì)英國(guó)法下合同條款的發(fā)展進(jìn)行介紹,對(duì)條件條款、中間條款、保證條款這三種合同條款的區(qū)別加以分析。第二部分主要論述了租金支付條款在英國(guó)實(shí)踐中的相關(guān)爭(zhēng)議,首先對(duì)常用的幾個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)期租合同格式中有關(guān)租金支付條款加以介紹并進(jìn)行分析,其次援引司法實(shí)踐中相關(guān)案例對(duì)租金支付條款的法律地位及其定位對(duì)出租人權(quán)利影響進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步研究。第三部分主要對(duì)影響認(rèn)定租金支付條款地位的相關(guān)要素進(jìn)行分析。第四部分對(duì)我國(guó)《海商法》中相關(guān)規(guī)定進(jìn)行了解讀,并結(jié)合《合同法》對(duì)有關(guān)條款的適用做了進(jìn)一步論述。
[Abstract]:In term charter party, the legal status of rent payment clause is often disputed. Under English law, contract terms are divided into conditional clauses, intermediate clauses and warranty clauses. The main difference lies in the different remedies invoked by non-defaulting parties. For a long time, the rental payment clause has been regarded as an intermediate clause in judicial practice. Only if the lessee's behavior constitutes a breach of contract, the lessor can claim damages. However, there is not a very clear stipulation on the breach of contract. In judicial practice, it is often necessary to judge according to the special circumstances of the case, and there is not a unified standard. This makes the shipowner's right to claim damages after withdrawal uncertain. In the form of standard charter contracts commonly used, the shipowner has the right to withdraw the ship when the charterer fails to pay the rent on time, This agreement on the right of withdrawal makes the term of rent payment characteristic of a conditional clause-the breach of contract by one of the parties gives the other party the right to terminate the contract. However, the agreement on withdrawal of ships does not, of course, make the term of rent payment a conditional clause, which is generally regarded only as giving the shipowner the option to terminate the contract. In the Astra case, the judge analyzed the rental payment terms as a condition, but this was still an issue to discuss before the Supreme Court made a binding decision. In addition, in the latest New York Native Product format, released in 2015, the shipowner's right to claim damages after withdrawal is clear, a revision that illustrates the shipping industry's needs. Therefore, this article specially studies the legal status of rent payment clause in order to provide some reference for shipping and judicial practice. This text includes four parts. The first part mainly introduces the historical development and classification of contract clauses under British contract law. This paper introduces the development of contract clauses under English law, and analyzes the differences among these three contract clauses: condition clause, intermediate clause and guarantee clause. The second part mainly discusses the related disputes of rent payment clause in British practice. Firstly, it introduces and analyzes the relevant rent payment clauses in several common standard term rental contract formats. Secondly, the legal status of the rental payment clause and its position on the lessor's rights are further studied by citing the relevant cases in the judicial practice. The third part mainly analyzes the related factors that affect the status of rent payment clause. The fourth part interprets the relevant provisions of China's Maritime Law and further discusses the application of the relevant articles in the light of contract Law.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：D923.6

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1 張碩;租金支付條款下出租人解除合同問(wèn)題研究[D];大連海事大學(xué);2016年

2 秦利平;期租合同中租金支付條款的法律地位研究[D];大連海事大學(xué);2016年

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本文編號(hào)：1992921