本文選題：法域 + 國際私法學(xué)��； 參考：《中國海洋大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：法域,是國際私法學(xué)研究的基本概念。明確法域的概念,對(duì)于正確把握國際私法的精神、充分發(fā)揮國際私法的作用,深入認(rèn)識(shí)不同法域間的關(guān)系,解決好國際和區(qū)際法律沖突,降低法律運(yùn)行成本,具有重要意義。文章共分為五個(gè)部分：第一部分主要是對(duì)法域的概念進(jìn)行界定。從“法域”的重要性切入,對(duì)部分學(xué)者關(guān)于“法域”的理解進(jìn)行總結(jié),對(duì)相關(guān)名詞進(jìn)行辨析,在此基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)于“法域”的概念提出自己的定義,即指具有獨(dú)特法律制度的一定的空間區(qū)域。第二部分主要分析“法域”的三個(gè)構(gòu)成要素。其一,“一定的區(qū)域或范圍”,指的是空問上的一定范圍,而不包括時(shí)間、人際等的范圍,獨(dú)特法律制度在此區(qū)域或范圍內(nèi)被制定、實(shí)行,其包括一個(gè)主權(quán)國家的空間范圍(主權(quán)法域)或者一個(gè)主權(quán)之下的某一地區(qū)范圍(非主權(quán)法域)這兩種情形;其二,“獨(dú)特的法律制度”,指的是調(diào)整民商事關(guān)系的私法制度體系的相對(duì)獨(dú)立,同時(shí)該區(qū)域內(nèi)民商法等法律規(guī)范具有自己的區(qū)域特色,與其他法域的法律規(guī)范存在較大差異,各法域的法律制度在多大程度上具有其獨(dú)特性,與本國的立法權(quán)分配密切相關(guān)。其三,“獨(dú)立的司法權(quán)”,指的是該區(qū)域建立起一套相應(yīng)的司法系統(tǒng),由該司法系統(tǒng)獨(dú)立自主地根據(jù)本區(qū)域獨(dú)特的民商事法律制度的規(guī)定對(duì)相關(guān)涉外民商事案件行使審判權(quán)、法律解釋權(quán)、司法審查權(quán)以及終審權(quán)等,不同法域司法權(quán)的獨(dú)立性不盡相同。第三部分主要分析法域的類型。目前國際上主要存在兩種不同層次的法域,即主權(quán)法域和非主權(quán)法域。主權(quán)法域,是以國家為單位的法域,其法律制度等具有絕對(duì)的獨(dú)立性,它與主權(quán)國家在空間范圍和法律制度等都形成一一對(duì)應(yīng)的關(guān)系,是國際法律沖突產(chǎn)生的基礎(chǔ)。非主權(quán)法域,是在主權(quán)國家內(nèi)部統(tǒng)一的憲法框架之下,以一個(gè)主權(quán)國家內(nèi)部的行政區(qū)域?yàn)閱挝坏姆ㄓ?其擁有獨(dú)立的立法權(quán)、司法審判權(quán)和行政權(quán)等,各自形成了一套獨(dú)特的法律制度,是區(qū)際法律沖突產(chǎn)生的重要條件。第四部分主要分析世界上幾個(gè)典型國家的法域及其引起的國際私法問題。美國、英國、瑞士、中國都是主權(quán)法域,同時(shí)其內(nèi)部又包括多個(gè)非主權(quán)法域,是具有不同特點(diǎn)的且較為典型的法域的存在情形。通過對(duì)典型法域的形成、特點(diǎn)及其引起的國際私法問題的分析比較,進(jìn)一步完善“法域”的定義,豐富和加深對(duì)“法域”的理解。第五部分主要闡述“法域”在國際私法學(xué)研究中的價(jià)值�！胺ㄓ颉笔菄H私法學(xué)研究的基本概念,對(duì)其進(jìn)行細(xì)致研究具有重要的理論和實(shí)踐價(jià)值：在理論方面,提示人們從概念、分類等方面給予“法域”更多的探討,減少緣于對(duì)“法域”理解不到位所產(chǎn)生的不必要的爭辯,夯實(shí)國際私法學(xué)研究的理論體系,開拓國際私法學(xué)研究的思路和視野；在實(shí)踐方面,有利于更好地劃分國際民事訴訟管轄權(quán),也提示人們?cè)趪H私法的立法、司法活動(dòng)中,對(duì)于法域的歷史傳統(tǒng)及發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀給予足夠重視,辯證看待各法域之間的法律沖突問題,從“法域”的構(gòu)成要素著手推進(jìn)法域的構(gòu)建與發(fā)展,從而促進(jìn)國際交流和國家穩(wěn)定。
[Abstract]:The legal domain is the basic concept of the study of private international law. The definition of the legal domain is of great importance to the correct grasp of the spirit of the international private law, the full play of the role of the international private law, the deep understanding of the relations among different jurisdictions, the settlement of the international and regional conflicts of law and the reduction of the cost of legal operation. The article is divided into five parts: the first The main part is to define the concept of the legal domain. From the importance of the "legal domain", it summarizes the understanding of the "legal domain" by some scholars and discriminates the related nouns. On this basis, it puts forward its own definition for the concept of "the legal domain", that is, a certain space area with a unique legal system. The second part of the concept is the main part of the legal domain. An analysis of the three elements of a "jurisdiction". One, "a certain area or scope", refers to a certain range of space, rather than time, the scope of interpersonal, and a unique legal system that is enacted in this area or within the scope of a sovereign state (a sovereign law domain) or a certain sovereignty. There are two cases of regional scope (non sovereign law domain), and second, "unique legal system" refers to the relative independence of the private legal system of adjusting civil and commercial relations, and the regional characteristics of civil and commercial law in the region and the legal norms of other jurisdictions, and the legal system of various jurisdictions in many areas. To a large extent it has its unique characteristics and closely related to the distribution of legislative power in the country. Thirdly, "independent judicial power" refers to the establishment of a corresponding judicial system in the region. The judicial system is independent and independent of the jurisdiction of the relevant foreign-related civil and commercial cases in accordance with the unique civil and commercial legal system of the region. The independence of judicial power in different jurisdictions is different from the right of interpretation, judicial review and final trial. The third part mainly analyzes the type of the legal domain. At present, there are two different jurisdictions of different levels, namely, the sovereignty law domain and the non sovereignty law domain. The sovereign law domain is the legal domain with the state as the unit, and its legal system has absolute independence. It is the basis of the international legal conflict, which is the basis of the international legal conflict, which is the basis of the international legal conflict. It is under the framework of the unified constitutional framework within the sovereign state and the jurisdictions of the administrative region within a sovereign state, with independent legislative power and judicial power. The fourth part mainly analyzes the jurisdictions of several typical countries in the world and the problems arising from the international private law. The United States, Britain, Switzerland and China are all sovereign jurisdictions, and they include a number of non sovereign jurisdictions. In the fifth part, the fifth part mainly expounds the value of "legal domain" in the study of international private law. Domain "is the basic concept of the study of international private law. It is of great theoretical and practical value to study it carefully. In theory, it suggests that people give more discussion to the" jurisdictions "in terms of concept and classification, reducing unnecessary debates due to the lack of understanding of the" legal domain "and ramming the study of international private law. The theory system opens up the thinking and field of vision for the study of international private law; in practice, it is beneficial to the better division of the jurisdiction of the international civil litigation. It also prompts people to pay enough attention to the historical tradition and development of the legal domain in the legislation of private international law and the judicial activities, and to dialectically view the conflict of laws between the various jurisdictions. The elements of the "law area" are to promote the construction and development of the law area, thereby promoting international exchanges and national stability.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D997

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