本文選題：表見代理 + 研究　； 參考：《西南政法大學(xué)》2002年碩士論文

【摘要】： 表見代理，在英美法上又稱不容否認(rèn)的代理(agency by estoppel)，肇端于《德國民法典》，之后，一些主要國家的民商法典相繼規(guī)定了這一制度。我國《民法通則》囿于制訂時的客觀情況，是否規(guī)定了這一制度，學(xué)術(shù)界認(rèn)識不一，但即使是持肯定說的學(xué)者也認(rèn)為它只是規(guī)定了這一制度的某些特殊情形，很不完善�！逗贤ā反竽懚鞔_地規(guī)定了這一制度，但是對于表見代理的本質(zhì)、構(gòu)成要件、效力等重要問題，仍爭論不斷。本文運用歷史的、比較的、經(jīng)濟的等多種研究手法，考察研究了國內(nèi)外對表見代理的立法及司法實踐情況，提出了自己的主張。全文除引言和結(jié)語外，分七個部分，約77000字。 第一部分：表見代理的概述。本部分考察了表見代理制度產(chǎn)生的歷史背景、立法與司法實踐概況、表見代理的本質(zhì)，并對表見代理的立法和司法實踐進(jìn)行了比較研究，認(rèn)為該制度的產(chǎn)生是經(jīng)濟的、思想的、方法論的產(chǎn)物，是資本主義商品經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的必然結(jié)果�，F(xiàn)代主要國家多有關(guān)于表見代理的立法和司法實踐。我國自《合同法》才首次確立這一制度，表見代理實質(zhì)是有權(quán)代理，屬法定代理范疇。 第二部分：表見代理的價值取向、功能和作用。私法分為民法和商法，商事主體和民事主體、商事行為和民事行為存在重大區(qū)別，由此決定著民事表見代理和商事表見代理有著不同的價值取向。商事表見代理的價值取向為相對人的交易安全，民事表見代理的價值取向則固守本人的享有安全。進(jìn)而兩者有著不同的功能和發(fā)揮著不同的作用。 第三部分：表見代理的構(gòu)成要件。對于表見代理的構(gòu)成要件，學(xué)術(shù)界有單雙要件說之爭。根據(jù)對民商事表見代理的價值取向、功能和作用的區(qū)別認(rèn)識，本文認(rèn)為在商事表見代理中應(yīng)采單要件說，在民事表見代理中則應(yīng)采雙要件說。民商事表見代理的共同構(gòu)成要件為：一、行為人欠缺本人的授權(quán)；二、行為人有本人已經(jīng)授與代理權(quán)的外觀；三、相對人善意且無過失；四、行為人代理權(quán)外觀的形成與本人言行有關(guān)；五、相對人的法律地位已經(jīng)發(fā)生改變。在此基礎(chǔ)上，民事表見代理的成立還應(yīng)具備本人有過錯的要件。同時，表見代理的成立具備上述要件已足，還要求一般構(gòu)成要件純屬多此一舉。 第四部分：表見代理的類型。傳統(tǒng)上按表見代理的形成原因，將其分 為授懶示型、權(quán)限逾越型和代理權(quán)延續(xù)型的表見代理。除此之外，本文 酗為，按照表見代理的行為性質(zhì)可將其分為因合同訂立及與合同密切相 關(guān)的法律行為而發(fā)生的表見代理、因與合同密切相關(guān)的準(zhǔn)民事法律行為而 發(fā)生的表見代理及因與合同密切相關(guān)的事實行為而發(fā)生的表見代理，拓寬 了《合同法》中表見代理的適用范圍，彌補了傳統(tǒng)分類方法上的不足。 第五部分：表見代理的效力。表見代理發(fā)生有酬理的效果。主要應(yīng) 考察三個方面的效力作用：在本人與相對人方面，本人對相對人承擔(dān)責(zé) 任，不得以行為人欠敞授權(quán)為由否定表見代理的效力，，法律賦予本人追 認(rèn)權(quán)沒有實質(zhì)意義，且本人得直接請求相對腹行合同而無須先予追認(rèn)， 行為人不享有胸權(quán)；在行為人與相對人方面，雙方不存在法律上的權(quán)利 義務(wù)關(guān)系；在本人與行為人方面，在本人因行為人的表見代理行為而受有 損失時，可發(fā)生本人的賠償請求權(quán)，或者本人對行為人享有違請求權(quán)當(dāng)。 在行為人之行為構(gòu)成人雕權(quán)時，還應(yīng)承擔(dān)人服權(quán)的法律責(zé)任。在本人 因表見代理而受益時，可發(fā)生行為人的費用返蹦求權(quán)。 第六部分：表見代理與其它代理類別的區(qū)別研究。表見代理與無權(quán)代 理在本質(zhì)、構(gòu)成和法律后果等方面均有不同，與意定代理、其他法定代理 雖同屬有邯理，但仍有重大的區(qū)別，不容忽視。 第七部分：對我國《合同法）｝表見代理制度的評價及司法對策�！逗� 同法》明確規(guī)定這一制度，體現(xiàn)出更加重視交易安全，借鑒先進(jìn)立法，而 且明確按形成原因規(guī)定了表見代理的三種類型、明確界定其屬有權(quán)代理 等，均是其成功之處，但亦存在商法色彩過濃、條文缺乏操作性、適用范 圍過窄等欠缺。為此，本文初步提出了適用這一制度的司法對策，認(rèn)為對 《合同法》第49條在構(gòu)成要件上應(yīng)作限縮性解釋，在適用范圍上則應(yīng)為目 的性擴張，以期讓這一制度能更有效地發(fā)揮作用。
[Abstract]:The agent (agency by estoppel), which is also called the undeniable agent in Anglo American law, is caused by the civil code of the German civil code. After that, the civil and commercial codes of some major countries have set up this system one after another. The scholar also thinks that it only stipulates some special circumstances of this system. It is not perfect. The contract law clearly stipulates this system, but it is still arguing about the essence of the agency, the elements and the effectiveness of the agency. The internal and external legislation and judicial practice of the agency by estoppel put forward its own proposition. Besides the introduction and conclusion, the full text is divided into seven parts, about 77000 words.
The first part is an overview of the agency. This section examines the historical background of the agency system, the general situation of legislation and judicial practice, the essence of the agency, and the comparative study of the legislation and judicial practice of the agency. It is considered that the production of the system is economic, ideological and methodological, and the capitalist commodity classics. The inevitable result of economic development. There are many modern major countries on the legislation and judicial practice of surrogate. China has established this system from the contract law for the first time. It is shown that the agent is the right agent, which belongs to the legal agency category.
The second part: the value orientation, function and function of the agent. The private law is divided into civil law and commercial law, business subject and civil subject, and there are significant differences between commercial and civil behavior. Thus, there are different values in the civil apparent agency and business statement agency. The business table sees the value orientation of the agent as the relative person's transaction. Safety, the value orientation of civil agency by estoppel sticks to its own safety, and the two have different functions and play different roles.
The third part: the constituent elements of an apparent agency. There is a single or double argument in the academic circle on the constitutive requirements of the agent. According to the distinction between the value orientation, function and function of the agent in the civil and commercial statement, this article thinks that the single element should be adopted in the agency of the business table, and the civil and commercial facts should be adopted in the civil statement. The common constitutive requirements of the agency are: first, the perpetrator is lacking in his own authorization; two, the actor has the appearance of the agency, and three, the relative person is good in good faith and without fault; four, the appearance of the agent's right of agency is related to his own words and deeds; five, the legal status of the relative has changed. On this basis, the civil form The establishment of an agent should also have the requisites for the fault. At the same time, the establishment of the agency is sufficient for the establishment of the above-mentioned elements.
The fourth part: the type of agency by estoppel.
In order to teach laziness, permissions of authority and agency are extended.
In accordance with the nature of agency by estoppel, it can be divided into contracts and contracts.
Agency by estoppel, as a result of the quasi civil juristic act which is closely related to the contract.
The agency by Estoppel and the agency by estoppel which are closely related to the contract.
The scope of application of apparent agency in the contract law has made up for the shortcomings of traditional classification methods.
The fifth part: the effect of apparent agency.
Examine the effectiveness of the three aspects: in the aspect of myself and the relative person, I undertake responsibility for the opposite party.
Ren shall not negate the effect of the apparent agency on the grounds of the lack of authorization of the actor.
The right to recognize is of no substantive significance, and I must directly request relative abdominal contracts without prior recognition.
The actor does not enjoy the right to chest; there is no legal right between the actor and the relative.
In relation to myself and the perpetrator, I am affected by the apparent agency practice of the actor.
In case of loss, I may have the right to claim compensation, or I shall have the right to claim against the perpetrator.
When the behavior of a perpetrator constitutes the right of engraving, he should also bear the legal liability of the right to perform.
Benefit from agency by estoppel may occur when the cost of the actor is returned.
The sixth part: the study of the difference between Estoppel and other agency categories.
There are differences in nature, composition and legal consequences.
Although they belong to Han Li, there are still significant differences that can not be ignored.
The seventh part: the evaluation and judicial countermeasures of the agency system in China's contract law.
The same law clearly stipulates that this system reflects more emphasis on transaction security and advanced legislation.
Clearly, the three types of agency by estoppel are defined according to the reasons of formation.
And so on, all of which are successful, but there are also too many commercial laws.
For this reason, this article initially puts forward judicial countermeasures for the system.
The forty-ninth articles of the contract law shall be constrictive in terms of the constitutive requirements, and shall be applied in the scope of application.
Sexual expansion in order to make this system more effective.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2002
【分類號】：D923

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 谷慶萍;;表見代理制度之比較研究[J];沈陽教育學(xué)院學(xué)報;2010年05期

本文編號：1972261