本文選題：免責條款 + 解釋原則�。� 參考：《上海海事大學》2007年碩士論文

【摘要】： 在海上貨物運輸中,免責條款的使用十分盛行,無論是租船合同或提單以及其他單據(jù)中均訂有免責條款。免責條款是當事人雙方風險劃分的工具。通常,海上貨物運輸中免責條款的受益方是承運人,貨物利益方(通常是貨主和提單持有人)是這些免責風險的直接承受方。為了了解海上貨物運輸中承運人如何援引免責條款,劃分承運人與索賠方之間的風險分配,本文比較國際公約、《海上貨物運輸文書草案》及我國《海商法》了解不同責任制度下的免責條款,并對如何解釋免責條款,哪些事件可以禁止承運人援引免責條款分別進行研究。 本文第1章,本章分別對中國法下的解釋原則及英國法下的相反解釋原則、疏忽條款的解釋原則、根本違約解釋原則進行分析。對免責條款的解釋是既遵循合同自由原則的,又對它進行了嚴格地限制。承運人及其受雇人要想成功援引免責條款取決于兩個方面,第一個是承運人及受雇人員是否有可免責的法定事由,第二個就是法院對免責條款解釋采用什么樣的解釋原則,這兩個方面對承運人及其受雇人員是否能成功援引免責條款是十分重要的。 第2章,對海上運輸中若干免責條款進行了詳細的分析,把海上貨物運輸中的免責條款分為:除外責任免責、除外危險免責、因托運人過失免責、因貨物本身性質(zhì)而免責及其他免責條款這五類,根據(jù)國際公約《海牙規(guī)則》、《漢堡規(guī)則》、《海上貨物運輸文書草案》及我國《海商法》下的規(guī)定對這五類免責條款進行比較,分別從不同歸責原則下、舉證責任、法律責任等方面對其進行分析。并且在本章中還結(jié)合了許多英美判例對免責條款及承運人如何援引免責條款作出了具體分析。 第3章,對海上貨運實務中存在的一些禁止免責之事由進行了分析。適航義務、管貨義務、不得不合理繞航這三項是承運人責任期間的三大主要義務,違反這三大義務的任何一項義務或者遲延交付,承運人都有可能不能援引免責條款、責任限制條款。因此,本章對不適航、管貨過失、繞航、遲延交付這幾件禁止承運人援引免責條款的事件著重進行了論述。這有助于承運人了解這些事件,以便在實踐中采取一切措施防止這些事件的發(fā)生,使承運人成功援引地援引免責條款。 海上貨物運輸中的免責條款對合同當事雙方都是極其重要的,尤其是承運人更是應對這方面進行深入了解,只有承運人能合理地、靈活地行使自己免責權(quán)利時,才可以大大減少海上航運業(yè)的特殊風險,降低航運成本的投入,這樣才有利于航運事業(yè)的蓬勃發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:In the carriage of goods by sea, the use of exemption clauses is very popular, no matter charter party, bill of lading and other documents, there are exemption clauses. The exemption clause is the tool of the risk division between the parties. Usually, the carrier is the beneficiary of the exemption clause in the carriage of goods by sea, and the benefit of the goods (usually the owner of the goods and the holder of the bill of lading) is the direct recipient of these disclaimers. In order to understand how the carrier invokes the exemption clause in the carriage of goods by sea and divides the risk distribution between the carrier and the claimant, This article compares the international conventions, the draft instrument for the Carriage of goods by Sea and the Maritime Law of China to understand the exemption clauses under different liability regimes, and how to interpret the exemption clauses. Which events may prohibit the carrier from invoking exemption clauses separately. In Chapter 1, this chapter analyzes the principles of interpretation under Chinese law, the opposite interpretation principle under English law, the interpretation principle of negligence clause and the interpretation principle of fundamental breach of contract. The interpretation of exemption clause not only follows the principle of freedom of contract, but also strictly restricts it. The successful invocation of the exemption clause by the carrier and its servants depends on two aspects: the first is whether the carrier and his servants have a statutory cause of exemption, and the second is the principle of interpretation adopted by the court in respect of the interpretation of the exemption clause. These two aspects are very important for the carrier and his employees to successfully invoke the exemption clause. In Chapter 2, several exemption clauses in maritime transport are analyzed in detail, and the exemption clauses in the carriage of goods by sea are divided into: exemption from exemption of excepted liability, exemption from danger, exemption from liability due to fault of the shipper, The five categories of exemption and other disclaimers due to the nature of the goods are compared according to the Hague rules of the International Convention, the Hamburg rules, the draft instrument for the Carriage of goods by Sea and the provisions under the Maritime Law of China. Respectively from different imputation principle, the burden of proof, legal liability and other aspects of the analysis. In this chapter, we also analyze the exemption clause and how the carrier invokes the exemption clause. In chapter 3, the author analyzes the reasons of some disclaimers in the practice of maritime freight transport. The seaworthiness obligation, the duty to manage the cargo and the obligation to make a reasonable deviation are the three main obligations of the carrier during the period of its liability. Any breach of any of these three obligations or delay in delivery may not be invoked by the carrier. Limitation of liability clause Therefore, this chapter focuses on the unseaworthiness, mismanagement of cargo, deviation and delay in delivery, which prohibit the carrier from invoking the exemption clause. This helps the carrier to be aware of these events in order to take all measures in practice to prevent them from occurring and to enable the carrier to invoke the exemption clause successfully. The exemption clause in the carriage of goods by sea is extremely important to both parties to the contract, especially when the carrier should have a thorough understanding of this aspect, only the carrier can exercise his right of exemption reasonably and flexibly. Only in this way can the special risks of maritime shipping industry be greatly reduced and the investment of shipping costs be reduced, which is beneficial to the vigorous development of shipping industry.
【學位授予單位】：上海海事大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：D996.1;D922.294

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)博士學位論文 前1條

1 陳敬根;國際海運承運人在多因致?lián)p下的賠償責任研究[D];大連海事大學;2010年

相關(guān)碩士學位論文 前3條

1 李佳;廢除共同海損制度以后的法律構(gòu)建[D];大連海事大學;2011年

2 吳松海;論提單中承運人的免責條款[D];復旦大學;2010年

3 孫曄華;國際海運承運人免責條款研究[D];大連海事大學;2008年

，

本文編號：1969214