本文選題：國(guó)際安全管理規(guī)則 + 適航　； 參考：《上海海運(yùn)學(xué)院》2001年碩士論文

【摘要】： 傳統(tǒng)的船舶安全管理將重點(diǎn)放在船舶本身的管理上，主要是針對(duì)船舶、船 舶設(shè)備和船舶的技術(shù)要求標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，但從實(shí)踐中看來(lái)，這并不能夠完全有效地解決 船舶安全營(yíng)運(yùn)的問(wèn)題。從管理科學(xué)的角度來(lái)看，僅有技術(shù)規(guī)則是不夠的，還要 有保證技術(shù)規(guī)則能夠付諸實(shí)施，并對(duì)技術(shù)規(guī)則的執(zhí)行進(jìn)行反饋的運(yùn)行保障系統(tǒng)， 這樣，才能有效地發(fā)揮技術(shù)規(guī)則的效用，達(dá)到制定技術(shù)規(guī)則的目標(biāo)。為順應(yīng)當(dāng) 今國(guó)際航運(yùn)業(yè)的發(fā)展形勢(shì)，確保船舶的安全營(yíng)運(yùn)，加強(qiáng)對(duì)人為因素的控制，《國(guó) 際安全營(yíng)運(yùn)和防止污染管理規(guī)則》（ISM規(guī)則）在IMO第18屆大會(huì)（1993）上 就應(yīng)運(yùn)而生了。1994年5月，IMO締約國(guó)大會(huì)又通過(guò)了《國(guó)際海上人命安全公 約》第九章“船舶安全營(yíng)運(yùn)管理”，從而使ISM規(guī)則成為了強(qiáng)制性規(guī)則。 ISM規(guī)則是一個(gè)國(guó)際公認(rèn)的，關(guān)于船舶安全營(yíng)運(yùn)和防污染方面的國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)， 它要求負(fù)責(zé)船舶營(yíng)運(yùn)的公司和營(yíng)運(yùn)船舶，建立起一套科學(xué)、系統(tǒng)和程序化的安 全管理體系，并要求船旗國(guó)主管機(jī)關(guān)或其認(rèn)可的機(jī)構(gòu)，對(duì)公司和船舶的安全管 理體系進(jìn)行審核和發(fā)證。 ISM規(guī)則實(shí)施以后所引發(fā)的一系列的法律問(wèn)題，尤其是這一切將會(huì)對(duì)船公 司帶來(lái)什么樣的影響，已經(jīng)引起了國(guó)內(nèi)外海運(yùn)界、海商法界很多人士的關(guān)注。 本文將從比較系統(tǒng)的角度來(lái)分析ISM規(guī)則所帶來(lái)的一系列的法律問(wèn)題。 第一章首先對(duì)ISM規(guī)則作一簡(jiǎn)單的概述，介紹了ISM規(guī)則產(chǎn)生的背景及 其發(fā)展、目標(biāo)與宗旨及其主要內(nèi)容、外部審核和發(fā)證情況和ISM規(guī)則的履約情 況等。 第二章討論了ISM規(guī)則對(duì)船舶適航性的影響。首先，SMC和DOC證書(shū)已成 為適航證書(shū)的新成員；船東在配備船員方面的責(zé)任將大大增加；使船東在裝備 船舶和供應(yīng)品等方面的義務(wù)更加明確；使“謹(jǐn)慎處理”的概念由模糊變得較為 簡(jiǎn)單和明確。從而大膽預(yù)言，ISM規(guī)則使適航性概念回到普通法下的絕對(duì)適航 的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 在美國(guó)，如果船東在評(píng)審程序中發(fā)現(xiàn)了缺失卻并未采取任何糾正的措施， 這種疏忽很有可能被拿來(lái)作為證明船東未盡必要的注意和措置的證據(jù)，根據(jù)《哈 特法》的規(guī)定，船東將喪失主張免責(zé)事由的權(quán)利，而在美國(guó)《海上貨物運(yùn)輸法》 下，，只有該項(xiàng)疏忽與貨損之間有因果關(guān)系時(shí)，船東才會(huì)喪失主張免責(zé)事由的權(quán) 利。 第三章重點(diǎn)討論了ISM規(guī)則對(duì)責(zé)任限制權(quán)利的影響。ISM規(guī)則的生效實(shí)施， 不會(huì)影響承運(yùn)人根據(jù)《海牙規(guī)則》所享有的單位責(zé)任限制的權(quán)利。而在《海牙 —威斯比規(guī)則》和我國(guó)《海商法》下，ISM規(guī)則會(huì)使船公司的“蓄意造成或明 知可能造成這一損大而輕率地作為或不作為”易于暴露，從而使船東易于喪失 夕．主張責(zé)任限制的權(quán)利／‘船東的實(shí)際過(guò)失與知情”以及“蓄意造成”或“輕率地 ”作為或不作為”等概念的含義同以前相比較為明確。另外還分忻了‘＞定人員” 和船東之間的關(guān)系，指出指定人員的行為并不必然是船東的行為，除非他本人 就是公司的高級(jí)管理層之一。 莊失國(guó)，一旦原告可以舉證船來(lái)有嚴(yán)重不趁守ISM規(guī)則的行為且該行為與 損人的發(fā)生之問(wèn)有因果關(guān)系時(shí)，則可初步推定船東有疏大行為或船舶有不適航 的情形，因?yàn)樵谕耆袷豂SM規(guī)則的情況下，船東想要去證明其對(duì)于過(guò)夫或船 舶不適航的狀況并不知悄或知悉是相當(dāng)困難的。而rM規(guī)則對(duì)美國(guó) 們99O年汕 污法》中關(guān)于責(zé)任限制的規(guī)定可能產(chǎn)生的最大影響是船東在疏于遵守ISM規(guī)則 的情況下，是否會(huì)被視為“違反關(guān)于安全、建造或營(yíng)運(yùn)應(yīng)適用的聯(lián)邦規(guī)則的行 為”。 第四章主要分析了ISM規(guī)則實(shí)施后，船東在投保時(shí)的告知義務(wù)比以前有所 加重，并認(rèn)為并非要事無(wú)巨細(xì)都要向保險(xiǎn)人告知，而是告知實(shí)施IS＼1規(guī)則的主 蠻內(nèi)容，同時(shí)使時(shí)會(huì)保險(xiǎn)條款中的“船東的疏忽”和“船員的疏忽”的分界線 變得清楚明確。另外，通過(guò)對(duì)SKULD保賠協(xié)會(huì)2000年章程的分折，認(rèn)為H＼1艦 則對(duì)保賠保險(xiǎn)的影響主要在于入會(huì)條件的變化，以后沒(méi)有IS＼1證書(shū)的船舶將會(huì) 被保賠協(xié)會(huì)拒之門(mén)外或在投保時(shí)就ISM實(shí)施情況有欺騙行為的，將會(huì)遭到拒賠。
[Abstract]:The traditional ship safety management focuses on the management of the ship itself, mainly for ships and ships.
The technical requirements of ship equipment and ships, but in practice, this can not be completely effective.
From the point of view of management science, only technical rules are not enough.
A running guarantee system that ensures that technical rules can be put into practice and feedback on the execution of technical rules.
Only in this way can we effectively bring into play the effectiveness of technical rules and achieve the goal of formulating technical rules.
Today, the development of international shipping industry ensures the safe operation of ships and strengthens the control of human factors.
International safety operation and pollution prevention management rules (ISM rules) at the eighteenth session of the IMO (1993)
In May of.1994, the general assembly of IMO states passed the international maritime safety of life.
About ninth chapter "ship safety operation management", so that ISM rules become mandatory rules.
The ISM rule is an internationally recognized international standard for ship safety operations and pollution prevention.
It requires companies and operating vessels responsible for shipping operations to establish a scientific, systematic and procedural safety.
The whole management system, and requiring the flag state authorities or their authorized institutions to manage the safety of the company and ships.
The system is audited and certified.
After the implementation of the ISM rules, a series of legal problems will be triggered.
What kind of impact the company has brought has attracted the attention of many maritime and maritime law circles at home and abroad.
This article will analyze a series of legal problems brought about by the ISM rules from a comparative perspective.
The first chapter gives a brief overview of ISM rules, and introduces the background of ISM rules.
Its development, objectives and purposes, its main contents, external auditing and certification, and the implementation of the ISM rules.
Situation and so on.
The second chapter discusses the impact of ISM rules on ship seaworthiness. First, SMC and DOC certificates have been established.
As a new member of the airworthiness certificate, the shipowner's liability for the crew will be greatly increased, so that the shipowner is equipped.
The obligations of ships and supplies are more clear; the concept of "prudent handling" becomes more obscure.
Simple and clear. So bold to predict that the ISM rules make airworthiness concept return to the absolute airworthiness under common law.
Standard.
In the United States, if shipowners find deficiencies in the review process, they do not take any corrective measures.
Such negligence is likely to be used as proof that the shipowners did not pay enough attention and handling evidence.
In the provisions of special law, shipowners will lose the right to claim exemption, while in the United States, the law of carriage of goods by sea.
The owner will lose the right to claim exemption only if there is a causal relationship between the negligence and the damage.
Li.
The third chapter focuses on the impact of the ISM rules on the right to limitation of liability, and the effective implementation of the.ISM rules.
It will not affect the right of the carrier to limit the unit liability under the Hague rules. In Hague
Under the rules of the visa and the maritime law of China, the ISM rules will deliberately create or expose the shipping companies.
Knowledge may cause such a large and reckless act or omission to be easily exposed, thus making it easier for shipowners to lose.
Xi. The right to claim responsibility or "the actual fault and knowledge of the shipowner" and "deliberately" or "recklessly".
The meaning of "do or omission" is more clear than before.
The relationship with the shipowner indicates that the conduct of the designated person is not necessarily the act of the shipowner unless he himself.
It's one of the top management of the company.
Zhuang lost state, once the plaintiff can prove that the ship has a serious breach of the ISM rules, and the act is
When there is a causal relationship between the occurrence of the loss of human beings, it is possible to preliminarily infer that the shipowners have the act of sparing or the ship is unseaworthy.
In the case of full compliance with the ISM rules, the shipowner wants to prove that he or she has a husband or ship.
It is quite difficult to know whether the ship is airworthiness or not, and the rM rules apply to the US in 99O.
The greatest impact on the limitation of liability in pollution law may be the shipowner's negligence in observing the ISM rules.
Will it be considered a violation of the federal rules applicable to safety, construction or operation?
For "."
The fourth chapter mainly analyzes that after the implementation of the ISM rules, the owner's duty of disclosure is more than before.
It is important to inform the insurer that nothing is important, but to inform the principal of implementing the IS / 1 rule.
The boundary between the owner's negligence and the crew's negligence in the insurance clause.
Become clearer and clearer. In addition, by referring to the 2000 Charter of the SKULD guarantee and Compensation Association, it is considered that the H 1 ships
The impact on insurance coverage is mainly due to the change of membership conditions. Ships with no IS / 1 certificates will be available later.
If the insurance association refuses to exit or is insured, it will be refused to pay for cheating on the implementation of ISM.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海海運(yùn)學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2001
【分類號(hào)】：D996

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前9條

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