發(fā)布時間：2018-05-03 17:30

  本文選題：因果關系 + 近因��； 參考：《大連海事大學》2004年碩士論文

【摘要】：從古至今，不論是哲學抑或自然科學、社會科學，因果關系都是各門學科所研究的重大課題。而就海上保險來說，因果關系原則是法學界和實務界探討爭論不止的一個問題。其中涉及到許多非常有價值而且有操作性的學說，近因原則是其中一個影響比較大的學說。 本文第一章將著重介紹我國對于因果關系原則的立法現(xiàn)狀及實踐做法，我國調整海上保險的兩大主要法律有《海商法》和《保險法》．但是在兩大法律和相關的法規(guī)中并沒有對因果關系原則的明示規(guī)定．而因果關系原則又是責任承擔的基本考慮因素，所以在本章中先對立法和司法實踐作以概括和介紹。 本文第二章主要側重于因果關系原則的概述。首先介紹了哲學領域里關于因果關系的理論和學說，為從其哲學根源上來理解因與果之間的聯(lián)系，從而為法律領域內的因果關系做好理論上的準備。同時還介紹了兩大法系民法領域中關于因果關系的一些代表性觀點，如原因說、條件說、必然因果關系說、相當因果關系說等，以及在海上保險領域最具代表性的近因說；還將簡單涉及民法與保險法因果關系學說的比較。 本文第三章將介紹判斷因果關系的不同標準。主要是通過介紹判斷因果關系的幾種不同標準并對其進行比較，最終得出自己的判斷，找出適合我國實際情況的因果關系學說——近因原則。 第四章側重因果關系原則在海上保險中的具體運用。通過結合案件的具體情況，，文章將區(qū)分幾種情況來介紹因果關系中近因的判定過程，主要是多因混雜時對近因的確定、近因原則的確定以及判斷時的相關問題等。當然在介紹的同時將有案例佐證，以便展現(xiàn)近因確定的動態(tài)過程。這是文章的重點部分。 本文第五章就司法實踐中因果關系舉證的問題展開論述，主要是關于舉證責任由誰承擔以及其如何在當事人之間移轉。盡量使近因原則在解決海上保險糾紛確定雙方當事人所負的舉證責任時，有較為全面的展開，從而使海上保險中因果關系的分析達到一定的理論深度和實踐意義。 本文最后一章主要闡述了筆者對我國建立相關因果關系原則的建議。 目前，在我國海上保險領域，近因原則在確定海損原因時只作為一種參考原 則，并沒有明確的法律地位，相關保險立法，無論是《保險法》還是《海商法》 也沒有明文規(guī)定。因此，近因原則在我國保險法學理論與實踐中確實是值得深 入研究與探討的問題。簡單地將英美法系的原文引入也許并不合適，究竟如何 將該原則的一些合理理念引入中國的海上保險立法中，還需要同中國的保險市 場實踐相結合。同時提出一點個人粗淺的建議，希望能對我國在修改相關法律 和制定解釋規(guī)則時能有所幫助。
[Abstract]:From ancient times to the present, whether it is philosophical or natural science, social science and causality is a major subject studied by various subjects. For marine insurance, the principle of causality is a question not only in jurisprudence and practice. It involves many very valuable and operable theories, and the principle of proximate cause is its principle. One of the most influential theories.
The first chapter of this article will focus on the legislative status and practice of the principle of causality in China. The two main laws of China's maritime insurance adjustment are "maritime law" and "insurance law", but there is no explicit stipulation on the principle of causality in the two laws and related laws and regulations. The principle of causality is also responsible for the principle of causation. Basic considerations, so in this chapter, we first summarize and introduce legislative and judicial practices.
The second chapter of this article mainly focuses on the summary of the principle of causality. First, it introduces the theory and theory of causality in the field of philosophy, in order to understand the relationship between the cause and the fruit from its philosophical origin, and thus prepare the theoretical preparation for the causality in the legal field. Some representative views of causality, such as reason, condition, causality, equivalent causality, and the most representative theory of proximate cause in the field of marine insurance; and a comparison of the theory of causality between civil law and insurance law.
The third chapter of this article will introduce the different criteria for judging causality, mainly by introducing and comparing several different standards of causality and comparing them, finally getting their own judgment and finding the theory of causality suitable for the actual situation of our country - the principle of proximate cause.
The fourth chapter focuses on the specific application of the principle of causality in marine insurance. By combining the specific cases of the case, the article will distinguish several cases to introduce the determination process of the proximate cause in the causality, mainly the determination of the proximate cause, the determination of the principle of the proximate cause and the related problems when the judgment is judged. There is case evidence to show the dynamic process of proximate cause. This is the key part of the article.
The fifth chapter of this article discusses the problem of the proof of causality in the judicial practice, mainly about who is responsible for the burden of proof and how it is transferred between the parties. The analysis of fruit relations reaches a certain theoretical depth and practical significance.
The last chapter of this article mainly expounds the author's proposal for establishing the principle of causality in China.
At present, in the field of marine insurance, the principle of proximate cause only serves as a reference for determining the cause of marine damage.
There is no definite legal status, and the relevant insurance legislation is either "insurance law" or "maritime law".
Therefore, the principle of proximate cause is indeed worth studying in the theory and practice of insurance law in China.
It is probably not appropriate to introduce the original texts of the Anglo American legal system.
The introduction of some reasonable ideas of this principle into China's marine insurance legislation also needs to work with China's insurance market.
Combining practice with practice. At the same time, we put forward some superficial suggestions, hoping to modify relevant laws in China.
It can help with the formulation of the rules of interpretation.

【學位授予單位】：大連海事大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2004
【分類號】：D922.294;D922.284

【引證文獻】

相關博士學位論文 前1條

1 湯媛媛;保險法近因原則研究[D];吉林大學;2011年

相關碩士學位論文 前5條

1 王翼彪;論近因原則在我國海上保險法中的適用[D];大連海事大學;2011年

2 曾秋子;論近因原則的適用[D];華東政法大學;2011年

3 路寶虎;論保險法的近因原則及其適用[D];華東政法大學;2007年

4 閆慕華;論海上保險法中因果關系原則[D];上海海事大學;2007年

5 張樹光;保險法近因原則相關問題研究[D];華東政法大學;2012年

本文編號：1839424