本文選題：海上保險(xiǎn)合同 + 信息提供��； 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：海上保險(xiǎn)締約信息提供義務(wù),是指海上保險(xiǎn)合同雙方在訂立合同前,各自將其所知曉的對(duì)方不甚了解的信息提供給對(duì)方。按照一般合同法"買(mǎi)者當(dāng)心"的原理,法律一般不會(huì)將提供信息的義務(wù)強(qiáng)制加給合同當(dāng)事人。但在保險(xiǎn)合同中,法律卻規(guī)定保險(xiǎn)人和投保人要承擔(dān)提供信息的義務(wù)。這是由保險(xiǎn)合同的性質(zhì)以及合同雙方不平衡的信息地位決定的。保險(xiǎn)合同是射幸合同,投保人支付保費(fèi)的對(duì)價(jià)是獲得保險(xiǎn)賠償?shù)目赡苄?是否能獲得賠償取決于保險(xiǎn)事故是否發(fā)生,這就增加了發(fā)生道德風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的可能性,因而法律對(duì)保險(xiǎn)合同當(dāng)事人提出了更高的誠(chéng)信要求;此外,保險(xiǎn)合同雙方信息地位不平衡。在海上保險(xiǎn)中,信息不平衡的現(xiàn)象更加突出。一方面,海上特殊的地理環(huán)境和自然環(huán)境使航海風(fēng)險(xiǎn)大于陸上風(fēng)險(xiǎn),而海上保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的經(jīng)常是船舶、貨物、運(yùn)費(fèi)、法律責(zé)任或經(jīng)濟(jì)權(quán)益等財(cái)產(chǎn)形式的混合,信息較一般陸上保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的更為復(fù)雜。投保人對(duì)保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的信息的掌握程度遠(yuǎn)高于保險(xiǎn)人;另一方面,保險(xiǎn)合同通常是格式合同,合同中充斥保險(xiǎn)專(zhuān)業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ),海上保險(xiǎn)合同更是融合航海專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)。缺乏專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)的投保人往往對(duì)這些格式合同條款一頭霧水,而保險(xiǎn)人對(duì)合同信息的掌握程度遠(yuǎn)高于投保人。目前我國(guó)《海商法》中關(guān)于保險(xiǎn)合同締約信息提供義務(wù)的規(guī)定不完善,無(wú)法兼顧保險(xiǎn)人與投保人雙方的利益;同時(shí),在海上保險(xiǎn)領(lǐng)域,特別法《海商法》與一般法《保險(xiǎn)法》在適用時(shí)存在不協(xié)調(diào)之處。從世界范圍看,英國(guó)1906年《海上保險(xiǎn)法》被各國(guó)視為海上保險(xiǎn)法的范本而紛紛效仿或援用,我國(guó)在制定《海商法》時(shí)同樣參照借鑒了該法。2015年,英國(guó)保險(xiǎn)法有了重大變革,并頒布了新的保險(xiǎn)法——《2015年保險(xiǎn)法》,該法體現(xiàn)出目前國(guó)際海上保險(xiǎn)立法的先進(jìn)經(jīng)驗(yàn),無(wú)疑有很高的參考價(jià)值。除以英國(guó)為代表的英美法系外,大陸法系代表國(guó)家的保險(xiǎn)立法同樣具有一定的借鑒意義。本文試圖對(duì)《海商法》及《保險(xiǎn)法》相關(guān)法律中關(guān)于海上保險(xiǎn)合同雙方信息提供義務(wù)的規(guī)定進(jìn)行梳理并指出其存在的問(wèn)題,通過(guò)對(duì)國(guó)外先進(jìn)立法經(jīng)驗(yàn)的介紹,提出完善我國(guó)立法的措施。本文共分為四部分,第一部分是對(duì)海上保險(xiǎn)締約信息提供義務(wù)的理論基礎(chǔ)介紹,第二部分論述被保險(xiǎn)人締約信息提供義務(wù)和域外法律的規(guī)定與發(fā)展,第三部分是對(duì)保險(xiǎn)人締約信息提供義務(wù)和域外相關(guān)法律規(guī)定的論述,第四部分則提出完善我國(guó)海上保險(xiǎn)締約信息提供義務(wù)的建議。
[Abstract]:The obligation to provide information in marine insurance contracts means that the parties to a marine insurance contract, before concluding a contract, provide to the other party information they know not well known by the other party. According to the principle of general contract law, the law does not impose the obligation to provide information to the parties. However, in the insurance contract, the law stipulates that the insurer and the policyholder should bear the obligation to provide information. This is determined by the nature of the insurance contract and the unbalanced information status of the parties to the contract. The insurance contract is a lucky contract. The consideration given by the policy holder to pay the premium is the possibility of obtaining insurance compensation. Whether or not compensation is obtained depends on whether the insurance accident occurs or not. This increases the possibility of moral hazard. Therefore, the law puts forward higher requirements of good faith for the parties to the insurance contract, in addition, the information status of the parties to the insurance contract is not balanced. In marine insurance, the phenomenon of information imbalance is more prominent. On the one hand, the special geographical environment and natural environment of the sea make the risk of navigation greater than the risk on land, and the subject matter of marine insurance is often a mixture of property forms such as ship, cargo, freight, legal liability or economic rights and interests. The information is more complex than the general land insurance subject matter. On the other hand, insurance contract is usually a format contract, which is full of insurance terms, and marine insurance contract is a combination of marine professional knowledge. The policyholders who lack professional knowledge are often confused about the contract terms of these formats, and the insurer has a much better grasp of the contract information than the policyholder. At present, the provisions of the Maritime Law of our country on the obligation to provide information for the contracting of insurance contracts are not perfect, and it is not possible to take into account the interests of both the insurer and the policyholder; at the same time, in the field of marine insurance, The special law, Maritime Law, and the General Law, Insurance Law, are inconsistent in their application. From the view of the whole world, the British Maritime Insurance Law of 1906 was regarded as the model of marine insurance law by many countries and was followed or used in succession. In the process of making Maritime Law, our country also referred to the law. In 2015, the British Insurance Law had a great change. A new insurance law, the Insurance Law of 2015, has been promulgated, which embodies the advanced experience of international marine insurance legislation and is undoubtedly of great reference value. In addition to the Anglo-American law system represented by the United Kingdom, the insurance legislation of the continental law system on behalf of the country also has certain reference significance. This paper attempts to sort out and point out the problems existing in the relevant laws of Maritime Law and Insurance Law on the obligation of providing information for both parties to marine insurance contracts, and introduce the advanced legislative experience of foreign countries. The measures to perfect the legislation of our country are put forward. This paper is divided into four parts, the first part is the introduction of the theoretical basis of the obligation to provide information in marine insurance contracting, the second part discusses the provisions and development of the insured's obligation to provide information in contracting and the provisions and development of extraterritorial laws. The third part discusses the obligation of the insurer to provide information in the contract and the relevant laws and regulations outside the country. The fourth part puts forward some suggestions to improve the obligation of providing information in the contracting of marine insurance in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D922.294

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