本文選題：海上保險 + 損失補償原則　； 參考：《武漢大學》2004年碩士論文

【摘要】：損失補償原則是指當保險事故發(fā)生并導致被保險人的經濟損失時，保險人給予被保險人的補償以恢復被保險人在遭受保險事故前的經濟狀況為準。損失補償原則是海上保險法的基本原則之一，是貫穿整個海上保險法的靈魂。損失補償原則除了與海上保險法其它原則(尤其是可保利益原則)密切相關外，還衍生出代位、委付、重復保險與分攤等規(guī)則。在英國，損失補償原則來自于禁止賭博的公共政策；而在我國，損失補償原則來自于公平原則和禁止不當得利的規(guī)定。損失補償原則禁止被保險人從保險中得利，從而減少了道德風險，維護了保險制度的正常運作，因此具有重要的現實意義。 基于以上的考慮，本文在我國現行保險法律制度框架內，結合西方發(fā)達國家的保險法律制度，通過對損失補償原則的內涵、外延及相關配套制度的研究，力圖揭示損失補償原則在海上保險法中的運用及缺失。全文共分為五個部分。 第一部分探討了損失補償原則的一般理論。在對“損失”、“補償”、“損失補償原則”作出界定的基礎上，考察了損失補償原則與民法中的損害賠償制度、禁止不當得利制度的關系，并對損失補償原則和海上保險法其它基本原則之間的關系作了分析。 第二部分具體分析了損失補償原則在共同被保險人情況下的適用。在一份保險合同同時承保兩個以上被保險人的情況下，如果一個被保險人有過錯或不法行為，那么對其他無辜的被保險人不予補償就可能會違反損失補償原則；如果給予補償，，同樣也可能違反損失補償原則，因為共同被保險人的利益有時不可分割地聯系在一起，以至于任何損失或收益必然對其中任何一位被保險人有影響。如何解決這一難題?就此，作者對英美法系兩種不同觀點的合理性進行了考察，并在此基礎上提出了進一步的完善措施。 第三部分對損失補償原則所派生出的保險代位作了介紹。保險代位可以分為權利代位和物上代位。就權利代位而言，作者探討了代位求償權與損失補償原則的關系、代位求償權的產生、范圍、共同被保險人情況下的代位求償權，增值保險單下保險人代位權的沖突；就委付而言，作者對委付與損失補償原則的關系、保險人接受委付的法律效力作了論述。 第四部分對損失補償原則衍生出的另一重要規(guī)則即多數保險制度作了介紹。多 數保險又可以分為重復保險和保險競合，文章著重對重復保險和保險競合情況下的 保險補償和分攤問題作了論述。 文章第五部分是結論，除了對全文材料作出總結外，還對損失補償原則在我國 保險法和海商法中的完善提出了建議。 通過以上研究，本文認為，損失補償原則是海上保險合同的首要原則。雖然這 一原則的強制性有所減弱，但它仍然具有積極作用，并繼續(xù)保持其重要性。海上保 險合同是一種補償合同，但并非完全的補償合同。盡管如此，損失補償始終是海上 保險合同的基礎。從海上保險實踐來看，損失補償原則的適用結果在很大程度上取 決于如何對保險合同條款進行解釋，這一點在共同被保險人的情況下尤為明顯。雖 然損失補償原則在海上保險法中具有十分重要的地位，但這一原則并不是自足的， 其實施需要具體概念、原則和規(guī)則的配合，尤其是海上保險法其它基本原則，如可 保利益原則、近因原則、最大誠信原則的支持。 通過比較各國海商法中損失補償原則的不同規(guī)定可以發(fā)現，雖然各國對這一原 則許多方面的理解是一致的，但是對于一些重要問題的理解則不盡相同。應給予特 別注意的是保險利益、代位和重復保險這三個關鍵問題規(guī)定上的不同。在這些問題 的把握上，各國應當相互借鑒;對我國《保險法》和《海商法》而言，更是如此。
[Abstract]:The principle of compensation is when the insurance accident occurs and leads to the insured economic losses, the insurer to the insured compensation to restore the insured in the insurance accident suffered before economic conditions prevail. The principle of compensation is one of the basic principles of marine insurance law, maritime insurance law is throughout the whole soul. The principle of compensation in addition to other principles of Marine Insurance Law (especially the principle of insurable interest) is closely related to, also derived from subrogation, abandonment, double insurance and allocation rules. In the UK, the principle of compensation from the public policy to prohibit gambling; while in China, the principle of compensation from the principle of fairness and the prohibition of improper enrichment rules. The principle of compensation against the insured benefit from the insurance, so as to reduce moral hazard, maintain the normal operation of insurance system, so it has important practical significance.
Based on the above considerations, this paper in the current system of insurance in China's legal framework, combined with the insurance legal system of western developed countries, the connotation of the principle of compensation, the research scope and related systems, and tries to reveal the lack of using the principle of compensation for the loss in marine insurance law. This paper is divided into five parts.
The first part discusses the general theory of the principle of compensation for the loss. In the "loss", "compensation", "basic principle of compensation" are defined on the effects of compensation system in civil law and the principle of compensation damages, prohibition of unjust enrichment system, and the relationship between the principle of compensation and other maritime insurance law the basic principle is analyzed.
The second part is a detailed analysis of the principle of compensation for the insurer is in common situations. In an insurance contract and cover more than two of the insured case, if an insured person is at fault or illegal behavior, then the other innocent of the insured are not compensated may violate the loss compensation the principle of compensation; if, may also violate the principle of compensation for the loss, because the common interests of the insured and sometimes are inextricably linked, so that any losses or gains will impact on any one insured. How to solve this problem? In this connection, the author of the Anglo American law system in two different views were investigated, and put forward the further improvement measures.
The third part of the insurance subrogation principle of compensation is derived are introduced. The insurance subrogation can be divided into the right of subrogation and subrogation rights of subrogation. Then, the author discusses the relationship between the right of subrogation and the principle of compensation, the right of subrogation, the scope of the right of insurance subrogation is common case the value of insurance policy, the conflict under the insurer's subrogation right; on abandonment, the author of the principle of abandonment and loss compensation, the insurer accepts the legal effect of abandonment are discussed.
The fourth part introduces another important rule derived from the principle of loss compensation, that is, the majority of the insurance system.
The number of insurance can be divided into double insurance and insurance concurrence. The article focuses on the situation of overlapping insurance and insurance competition.
The problem of insurance compensation and apportionment is discussed.
The fifth part of the article is the conclusion, in addition to the summary of the full text material, the principle of compensation for loss is also in our country.
Suggestions on the improvement of the insurance law and the maritime law are put forward.
Through the above research, this paper holds that the principle of loss compensation is the first principle of marine insurance contract.
The mandatory principle of a principle has been weakened, but it still has a positive role and continues to maintain its importance.
An insurance contract is a kind of compensation contract, but it is not a complete compensation contract. However, the loss compensation is always on the sea.
From the practice of marine insurance, the result of the application of the principle of loss compensation is to a great extent.
How to explain the terms of the insurance contract is particularly evident in the case of the common insurer.
However, the principle of compensation for loss is of great importance in the maritime insurance law, but this principle is not self-sufficient.
It requires specific concepts, coordination of principles and rules, especially other basic principles of marine insurance law, such as
The principle of protecting interests, the principle of proximate cause, and the support of the principle of maximum honesty.
Through the comparison of the different provisions of the principle of loss compensation in the maritime law of various countries, it is found that although the countries have been to this original
The understanding of many aspects is consistent, but the understanding of some important issues is different.
Don't pay attention to the difference between the three key issues of insurance interest, subrogation and repeated insurance.
All countries should learn from each other, and so far as China's "insurance law >" and "maritime law" are concerned.

【學位授予單位】：武漢大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2004
【分類號】：D912.28;D912.29

【引證文獻】

相關碩士學位論文 前2條

1 李學坤;海上保險利益的法律問題分析[D];復旦大學;2008年

2 李新記;我國航空保險法律問題研究[D];南京航空航天大學;2007年

本文編號：1736450