本文選題：無單放貨　切入點：案件　出處：《華東政法學(xué)院》2002年碩士論文

【摘要】：海事審判實踐中對無單放貨案件的審理沒有形成統(tǒng)一準(zhǔn)則，致使航運實務(wù)界無所適從。本文的寫作目的在于通過對此類案件分類梳理，找出審理這類案件的裁判基礎(chǔ)，以利于統(tǒng)一裁判準(zhǔn)則的形成。 本文第一章主要是對涉及無單放貨的案件進行分類，并通過對典型案例的回顧，對無單放貨案件裁判基礎(chǔ)認識的演進情況進行評析，概述司法實踐中無單放貨案件審理的現(xiàn)狀。 第二章是通過對無單放貨案件的概念、產(chǎn)生的原因進行分析，明確法律調(diào)整的目的所在，從而導(dǎo)出無單放貨案件裁判的指導(dǎo)思想應(yīng)是嚴格禁止無單放貨這一結(jié)論，意在對審理無單放貨案件有一個宏觀把握。 第三章是本文的重點，主要是對審理提單持有人起訴承運人這一典型無單放貨案件的裁判基礎(chǔ)進行分析，并在此基礎(chǔ)上對若干實務(wù)問題進行分析說明。本章第一節(jié)從解讀《中華人民共和國海商法》第七十一條設(shè)定兩個承運人交貨保證條款入手，說明提單代表一種法定制度，這一制度的主旨是維護提單的可轉(zhuǎn)讓性，以保證國際貿(mào)易的運行。第二節(jié)是對提單不是物權(quán)憑的闡述。第三節(jié)是論述了提單的繕制簽發(fā)產(chǎn)生兩個法律關(guān)系變動，一是托運人與承運人運輸合同交貨方式條款的確定；二 是提單持有人與承運人海上貨物運輸合同關(guān)系的確立。第四節(jié)通過論證承運人應(yīng)憑 正本提單放貨的法律根據(jù)是合同義務(wù)這一前提，得出提單持有人對承運人無單放貨 行為不能適用侵權(quán)行為規(guī)范，只能依據(jù)提單規(guī)定提起合同之訴這一結(jié)論。第五節(jié)是 基于上述對典型無單放貨案件裁判基礎(chǔ)的分析，對審判實務(wù)中的案由、法律適用、 主體、責(zé)任限制、承運人對履約輔助人(雇用人、代理人、使用人等)職務(wù)范圍內(nèi) 的行為或不行為所造成的損害責(zé)任、提單持有人的舉證責(zé)任、訴訟時效、提單海上 貨物運輸合同關(guān)系與國際貨物買賣合同關(guān)系、結(jié)算合同關(guān)系之間的關(guān)系、記名提單 不應(yīng)憑提單交貨等問題作了分析說明。 第四章是在適用中國法律前提下，對審理其他類型涉及無提單交貨案件的裁判 基礎(chǔ)及若干實務(wù)問題進行簡要分析。首先確定提單持有人相對于除了承運人以外的 其他非法處分提單項下貨物，，導(dǎo)致其憑提單無法提貨的行為人，只擁有物上請求權(quán)、 不當(dāng)?shù)美埱髾?quán)和侵權(quán)行為損害賠償請求權(quán)三種請求權(quán)，進而分別對這三種請求權(quán) 的請求權(quán)基礎(chǔ)進行了分析。在分析的基礎(chǔ)上，就法律適用、訴訟時效、實際承運火’ 在承運人無單放貨案件中的責(zé)任、實際承運人自行無提單交付貨物的責(zé)任、承運人 的代理人在無提單交付貨物案件中的責(zé)任、港口經(jīng)營人自行交付貨物的責(zé)任、提單 持有人起訴提貨人、保函無提單交貨情況下承運人的請求權(quán)基礎(chǔ)等若干審判實務(wù)中 的熱點問題作了簡要的分析說明。 通過上述論證可以看出，目前法院受理的無單放貨案件法律關(guān)系復(fù)雜，請求權(quán) 基礎(chǔ)多樣。法院審理無單放貨案件，必須首先確定案件所涉法律關(guān)系的性質(zhì)，進而 找出相應(yīng)的請求權(quán)基礎(chǔ)。在此，對提單的性質(zhì)有一個客觀統(tǒng)一的認識非常重要。作 者希望本文的研究能對規(guī)范我國無單放貨案件的審理有所幫助。
[Abstract]:In the practice of maritime trial , there is no uniform criterion for the trial of non - single discharge cases , which leads to the omnipotence of shipping practice . The purpose of this paper is to find out the basis of judging such cases by sorting out such cases , so as to facilitate the formation of uniform judgment criteria .

The first chapter of this paper is mainly about the classification of cases involving non - single discharge , and through the review of typical cases , the paper analyzes the evolution of the decision - based recognition of non - order - free cases , and summarizes the current situation of the trial of non - single - discharge cases in judicial practice .

In the second chapter , the author analyzes the reasons of the non - single discharge cases and makes clear the aim of the legal adjustment , so that the guiding ideology of the judgment of the case without single discharge should be strictly prohibited from the conclusion of the non - order release , and it is intended to have a macro understanding of the case of non - single discharge .

Chapter Three is the focus of this paper , which is mainly to analyze the referee basis of the typical non - single discharge cases brought by the holder of the bill of lading to the carrier , and analyze the practical problems . The first section of this chapter begins with the interpretation of Article 71 of the Maritime Law of the People ' s Republic of China . The main purpose of this chapter is to maintain the negotiable nature of the bill of lading .
II



It is the establishment of the relationship between the holder of the bill of lading and the carrier ' s carriage of sea goods . Section IV demonstrates that the carrier should rely on

The legal basis of the delivery of the original bill of lading is based on the obligation of the contract , and it is concluded that the holder of the bill of lading has no single discharge to the carrier

The act does not apply to the normative acts and can only bring the conclusion of the contract in accordance with the bill of lading . Section V is

based on the analysis of the basis of the above - mentioned judgment basis for typical non - single discharge cases , the case in the trial practice is applicable ,

Subject , Limitation of Liability , Carrier ' s Position in the Scope of Performance Auxiliary ( Hire , Agent , Use , etc . )

Liability for damages caused by acts or omissions of bill of lading , proof of proof of holder of bill of lading , statute of limitation , bill of lading

Relationship between contract relationship of goods transportation and international goods purchase and sales contract , relationship between settlement contract relations and bearer bill of lading

The analysis and explanation should not be made on the basis of the delivery of the bill of lading .

The fourth chapter is to judge other types of cases involving the delivery of non - bill of lading , subject to the application of Chinese law

Based on a brief analysis of several substantive issues , it is first determined that the holder of the bill of lading is opposed to the carrier other than the carrier

if that other illegal dispose of the item under the single item causes it to be unable to deliver the goods on the basis of the bill of lading , it shall only have the right to claim on the goods ,

The right to claim and the right to claim damages for tort are three kinds of claim .

On the basis of the analysis , on the basis of the analysis , on the basis of the analysis , on the basis of the application of law , the limitation of action , the actual carriage of fire '

the liability of the actual carrier to deliver the goods without a bill of lading in the absence of a single order of lading by the carrier , the carrier

the duty of the agent to deliver the goods without a bill of lading , the responsibility of the port operator to deliver the goods by itself , the bill of lading ,

The holder sued the consignee , the guarantee letter did not have the delivery of the bill of lading , the carrier ' s claim basis and other judicial practice

A brief analysis was made on the hot - point problem .

As can be seen from the above - mentioned arguments , there is a complicated legal relationship between the court ' s acceptance of the non - order - free cases and the right to claim

The Court tried to determine the nature of the legal relationship between the cases and , in turn , to determine the nature of the legal relationship between the cases

It is very important to find out the basis of the corresponding claim right , and it is very important to have an objective and uniform understanding of the nature of the bill of lading .

The author hopes that the research in this paper can help us to regulate the trial of non - order - free cases in our country .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2002
【分類號】：D922.294

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 孫家慶;海運保函中的若干法律問題[J];當(dāng)代法學(xué);1999年06期

2 劉凱湘,張海峽;提單請求權(quán)的債權(quán)性質(zhì)[J];法學(xué)雜志;1999年03期

3 陳晶瑩;論“無單放貨”行為的性質(zhì)歸屬和責(zé)任定位[J];社會科學(xué);2000年06期

4 季衛(wèi)東;法律解釋的真諦(上)——探索實用法學(xué)的第三道路[J];中外法學(xué);1998年06期

5 徐新銘;論提單的物權(quán)憑證[J];中國海商法年刊;1994年00期

6 李守芹;論提單的法律性質(zhì)[J];中國海商法年刊;1995年00期

7 李海;關(guān)于“提單是物權(quán)憑證”的反思──兼論提單的法律性質(zhì)[J];中國海商法年刊;1996年00期

8 胡正良,曹沖;對提單的物權(quán)憑證功能的再思考[J];中國海商法年刊;1996年00期

9 何江海,郭錫年;提單下貨物所有權(quán)的轉(zhuǎn)移[J];中國海商法年刊;1996年00期

10 苗曉飛;信用證條件下銀行對提單的權(quán)利屬性[J];中國海商法年刊;1996年00期

本文編號：1720144