本文選題：委付制度　切入點：委付通知　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2005年碩士論文

【摘要】：委付制度作為一項古老的法律制度,在海上保險領(lǐng)域為保護被保險人的特殊需要,鼓勵和保護海上運輸及促進貿(mào)易發(fā)揮了重要的作用。各國法律中均對委付制度作出了規(guī)定,然而各國規(guī)定并不相同,在平衡保險人與被保險人之間利益時側(cè)重點不同,體現(xiàn)了不同國家的不同保險政策。而學(xué)者對委付制度的認識也多有不同,使該制度在實踐中的應(yīng)用出現(xiàn)混亂。我國《海商法》中有關(guān)委付的規(guī)定仍存在許多不足之處,而我國司法實踐也不乏由于對委付制度的理論缺乏深刻理解從而對我國立法下的委付做出錯誤解釋的現(xiàn)象存在,因此導(dǎo)致委付制度在我國難以充分發(fā)揮作用。而我國是一個海運大國,通過完善委付制度,正確理解委付制度,以對航運事業(yè)進行必要的鼓勵,并對保險人與被保險人的利益給予適當(dāng)?shù)钠胶?對航運業(yè)的發(fā)展和繁榮貿(mào)易,穩(wěn)定保險關(guān)系都是至關(guān)重要的。 本文通過對委付制度主要學(xué)說及幾個典型國家對委付制度的法律規(guī)定進行比較分析,就委付制度基本理論,包括委付概念、委付的生效要件、委付的法律效力等進行研究探討,旨在澄清對委付制度的混亂見解,并提出自己的觀點:首先,學(xué)者各自所表述的“委付”一詞的外延不同,從而導(dǎo)致與此相關(guān)的關(guān)于委付的適用范圍等問題的爭論。本文認為,學(xué)者所表述的英美法上的“委付”更類似于“物上代位”,與大陸法系所稱的“委付”各有不同的存在基礎(chǔ),因此,在探討兩個法系下委付制度的異同時,首先應(yīng)明確所使用的“委付”具有相同的外延; 其次,在本文的重點部分即關(guān)于委付的生效要件的探討中,筆者提出保險人的接受無論從理論上而言,還是從各國實際立法看,都不是委付成立生效的要件;對各國關(guān)于委付原因的立法方式的利弊進行評析,指出委付原因的規(guī)定方式應(yīng)與一國所采用的司法方式相一致,指出我國采用的“概括主義”立法方式與我國的司法傳統(tǒng)不相符。 第三,在委付的法律效力一章中,筆者提出,委付的直接效力是保險金額的支付而非保險標的權(quán)利的轉(zhuǎn)移:并指出在為防止使保險人自動取得權(quán)利而必須承擔(dān)相應(yīng)責(zé)任的不公平現(xiàn)象,英美法中的“有權(quán)接管”的立法方式并不是最佳選擇,可能導(dǎo)致實踐中更多的混亂;而提議可借鑒德國立法中要求被保險人提供“擔(dān)保”的方式以最大限度維護保險人利益。
[Abstract]:As an ancient legal system, the abandonment system plays an important role in the field of marine insurance to protect the special needs of the insured, to encourage and protect maritime transport and to promote trade.The law of each country has made the stipulation to the abandonment system, but the stipulation of each country is not the same, when balancing the interests between the insurer and the insured, the emphasis is different, which reflects the different insurance policy of different countries.However, scholars have different views on the system of abandonment, which makes the application of the system in practice confused.There are still many inadequacies in the relevant provisions of Maritime Law of our country, and the judicial practice of our country is also due to the lack of a deep understanding of the theory of the abandonment system and the phenomenon of making a wrong interpretation of the abandonment under the legislation of our country.As a result, the abandonment system is difficult to play a full role in our country.China is a large maritime country. By perfecting the abandonment system and correctly understanding the abandonment system, we can give the necessary encouragement to the shipping industry, and give an appropriate balance to the interests of the insurer and the insured, so as to promote the development of the shipping industry and the prosperity of the trade.Stable insurance relationships are essential.Based on the comparative analysis of the main theories of the abandonment system and the legal provisions of the abandonment system in several typical countries, this paper studies the basic theory of the abandonment system, including the concept of abandonment, the effective elements of the abandonment, the legal effect of the abandonment, etc.The purpose of this paper is to clarify the confusion of the abandonment system and put forward its own viewpoint: firstly, the extension of the term "surrender" as expressed by the scholars is different, which leads to the controversy about the scope of application of the abandonment.This paper holds that the "abandonment" in Anglo-American law expressed by scholars is more similar to the "subrogation in rem" and has different existing bases from that of the continental law system. Therefore, in discussing the similarities and differences of the abandonment system under the two legal systems,First of all, it should be clear that the "abandonment" used has the same extension;Secondly, in the key part of this paper, the author puts forward that the acceptance of the insurer is not the requirement of the validity of the abandonment, either theoretically or from the point of view of the actual legislation of various countries.Assessing the advantages and disadvantages of national legislation on the reasons for abandonment, and noting that the reasons for abandonment should be regulated in a manner consistent with the judicial approach adopted by a State,The author points out that the "generalism" legislation adopted in our country does not accord with the judicial tradition of our country.Third, in the chapter on the legal effect of abandonment, the author proposes,The direct effect of the abandonment is the payment of the insured amount and not the transfer of the rights on the subject matter of the insurance: it is pointed out that it is unfair that the insurer must bear the corresponding liability in order to prevent the automatic acquisition of rights by the insurer,The legislative form of "right to take over" in Anglo-American law is not the best choice and may lead to more confusion in practice; however, it is suggested that the method of requiring the insured to provide "security" in German legislation can be used to protect the interests of the insurer to the maximum extent.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2005
【分類號】：D912.28;D912.29

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