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  本文選題：船舶碰撞　切入點：舉證責任　出處：《上海海運學院》2002年碩士論文

【摘要】： 船舶碰撞訴訟是海事訴訟類型之一，歸屬于民事訴訟之中。因為海事訴訟的特殊性，我國在1999年通過了《中華人民共和國海事訴訟特別程序法》；又因為船舶碰撞案件處理的專業(yè)性，立法者又專門在上述特別程序法的第八章“審判程序”中設(shè)立一節(jié)以規(guī)定船舶碰撞案件的審理。船舶碰撞訴訟的特殊性和專業(yè)性決定了其舉證責任制度除應(yīng)遵循民事訴訟中舉證責任制度的原則規(guī)定外，還需要具體問題具體分析，結(jié)合船舶碰撞案的實際情況，將民訴法中有關(guān)舉證責任的制度在適用上進行具體化和完善化。同時，應(yīng)該深入研究主宰碰撞領(lǐng)域的國際大法《1972年國際海上避碰規(guī)則》及其修訂本的各項規(guī)定，以便為我國司法界形成一套完備的，以民訴法中舉證責任制度為原則但又具船舶碰撞訴訟特色的，兼顧船舶碰撞案件審理的涉外性和特殊性，公正均衡的船舶碰撞舉證責任制度提供一種理論思路，此乃本課題研究的目的和意義所在。 到目前為止，我國專門規(guī)定船舶碰撞案件中原、被告雙方舉證責任問題的海事法規(guī)幾乎沒有；在學術(shù)界，從事這項研究的理論也少之又少。相比之下，英美兩國有關(guān)船舶碰撞的審判有著遠遠領(lǐng)先于世界上其他國家的豐富經(jīng)驗和理論成果。有鑒于上述現(xiàn)狀，本文立足于本國法制特征，在先輩的民事舉證責任制度理論成果基礎(chǔ)上，借鑒英美典型海事判例確定的舉證責任原則，對船舶碰撞中的舉證責任及其分配制度進行了考察；并從舉證責任分配規(guī)則的理論角度對1972年《國際海上避碰規(guī)則》進行了大膽的評析，在發(fā)現(xiàn)問題的基礎(chǔ)上提出了一些個人的觀點，以作為海事司法實踐的參考。最后，通過討論上述船舶碰撞舉證責任中的核心問題，本文對在我國船舶碰撞訴訟中該如何構(gòu)建舉證責任分配制度進行了一系列的分析、研究，以期能為正確解決船舶碰撞訴訟中當事人的舉證責任問題，公正、及時地審理船舶碰撞糾紛，，維護航運業(yè)正常有序地發(fā)展貢獻微薄之力。 我國在傳統(tǒng)上繼受大陸法體制，素有重實體、輕程序，重實務(wù)、輕理論之傾向，雖然近年來在民事舉證責任制度方面有了大踏步的發(fā)展和完善，但由于我國法律界缺乏對海事，特別是船舶碰撞領(lǐng)域舉證責任制度理論上的具體應(yīng)用研究，從而使碰撞司法審判實踐常常帶有一定的盲目性。從目前情況來看，我國有關(guān)海事舉證責任制度，尤其是船舶碰撞舉證責任制度的理論，如果用諸如“寥若晨星”、“高處不勝寒”此類的言語來表述的話， 碩士學位論文摘要 一。矢也不為之過分。本課題的研究不過是一種伺機投石問路的嘗試，作為 一個海商法的學習者，希冀此般拙筆亦能借以達到拋磚引玉的效應(yīng)。
[Abstract]:Ship collision action is one of the types of maritime litigation, which belongs to civil litigation, because of the particularity of maritime action, In 1999, China adopted the Special procedure Law of the people's Republic of China for Maritime Litigation; also because of the professionalism of handling ship collision cases, Legislators also set up a section in Chapter VIII of the above-mentioned Special procedure Law "trial procedure" to regulate the hearing of ship collision cases. The particularity and professionalism of ship collision proceedings determine that the system of burden of proof should be followed in addition to the system of burden of proof. In addition to the principles of the system of burden of proof in civil proceedings, It also needs concrete analysis of specific problems, combining with the actual situation of ship collision cases, to concretize and perfect the application of the system of burden of proof in civil action law. At the same time, The provisions of the International Code for the Prevention of collisions at Sea, 1972, which governs the field of collision, and the revised version thereof, should be studied in depth in order to form a complete set of laws for the judicial community of our country. Taking the system of burden of proof in civil action law as the principle but with the characteristics of ship collision litigation, the fair and balanced system of burden of proof of ship collision provides a theoretical train of thought, which takes into account the foreign-related and particularity of the adjudication of ship collision cases. This is the purpose and significance of this research. Up to now, there are few maritime laws and regulations on the burden of proof between the defendant and the defendant in the case of ship collision. In academic circles, there are few theories engaged in this research. The trial of ship collision between the United States and the United States has a rich experience and theoretical results far ahead of other countries in the world. In view of the above situation, this paper is based on the legal characteristics of our own country. Based on the theoretical achievements of the civil burden of proof system of the predecessors and referring to the principle of the burden of proof determined by typical maritime cases in the United States and the United States, this paper investigates the burden of proof and its distribution system in the collision of ships. And from the theoretical point of view of the allocation of burden of proof, this paper makes a bold assessment of the 1972 International Code for preventing collisions at Sea, and puts forward some personal views on the basis of the discovery of the problems in order to serve as a reference for maritime judicial practice. By discussing the core problems of the burden of proof in ship collision, this paper makes a series of analysis and research on how to construct the distribution system of burden of proof in our country's ship collision litigation. In order to solve the problem of the burden of proof of the parties in the ship collision litigation correctly, to deal with the collision dispute in a fair and timely manner, and to maintain the normal and orderly development of the shipping industry, it can contribute to the meager contribution. Traditionally, China has been subjected to the system of continental law, which has the tendency of emphasizing substance, procedure, practice and theory. Although in recent years, the system of civil burden of proof has made great strides in development and perfection, but the legal profession of our country is short of maritime affairs. Especially in the field of ship collision, the system of burden of proof is applied in theory, so that the judicial practice of collision is often blind. From the current situation, the system of maritime burden of proof in our country, In particular, the theory of the onus of proof for collision of ships is expressed in words such as "few morning stars" and "cold high places". Abstract of Master's degree thesis. The study of this subject is only an attempt to find a way to solve the problem. A learner of maritime law hopes that such a poor pen can also achieve the effect of inspiration.
【學位授予單位】：上海海運學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2002
【分類號】：D915.2

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