本文選題：海商法　切入點(diǎn)：提單　出處：《中國海洋大學(xué)》2005年碩士論文

【摘要】：國際貿(mào)易是一張由合同組成的網(wǎng),一項(xiàng)最普通的國際貿(mào)易,一般也會(huì)涉及到貨物買賣、貨物運(yùn)輸及信用證等合同。在這些合同中,買賣合同可以說是整個(gè)交易的中心,海上貨物運(yùn)輸合同和信用證合同在一定程度上都是為國際貨物買賣服務(wù)的,它們的內(nèi)容深受買賣合同具體規(guī)定的影響,買賣合同中對(duì)提單的要求是其他環(huán)節(jié)對(duì)提單要求的基礎(chǔ)。正是由于有了被稱之為國際貿(mào)易與航運(yùn)載體的提單的存在,才使得貨物買賣合同、貨物運(yùn)輸合同及信用證合同在海運(yùn)實(shí)務(wù)中緊密地交織在一起,與提單有關(guān)的各種糾紛也因之跨越了海上運(yùn)輸?shù)姆懂?深入到國際貨物買賣,甚至自始至終貫穿整個(gè)國際貿(mào)易的全程。但是,貨物買賣合同、貨物運(yùn)輸合同、信用證合同在實(shí)踐中又是各自獨(dú)立的合同,它們?cè)诜蛇m用、業(yè)務(wù)操作規(guī)程、主體客體等方面都各不相同。正是由于它們?cè)诶碚摵蛯?shí)踐中既緊密聯(lián)系又各自獨(dú)立的矛盾,導(dǎo)致了各種提單糾紛的不斷產(chǎn)生和日益復(fù)雜化。 本文以實(shí)踐中大量存在并且都與國際貨物買賣合同的內(nèi)容密切相關(guān)的提單批注糾紛、預(yù)借、倒簽提單糾紛、無單放貨糾紛、海運(yùn)保函糾紛及滯期費(fèi)糾紛為研究對(duì)象,借鑒英國、美國、日本、法國、德國、韓國、臺(tái)灣等國家和地區(qū)的有關(guān)提單立法,結(jié)合國際公約、國際慣例的相關(guān)規(guī)定,以我國《海商法》、《民法通則》、《合同法》等有關(guān)法律以及司法解釋的具體規(guī)定為基礎(chǔ),運(yùn)用大量的中外典型案例,從國際貨物買賣合同的具體規(guī)定入手,對(duì)上述糾紛產(chǎn)生的原因、學(xué)術(shù)界存在的各種觀點(diǎn)、糾紛的具體表現(xiàn)以及糾紛的防范措施等方面,在總結(jié)、吸收前人研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,從理論與實(shí)踐兩個(gè)方面做了深入細(xì)致地研究與分析。經(jīng)過系統(tǒng)地理論研究和大量的案例分析,筆者得出了如下結(jié)論:在從事法理研究或立法工作時(shí),人們可以將“貨物買賣”、“海上運(yùn)輸”、“信用證”等法律關(guān)系作為各自相對(duì)獨(dú)立的一個(gè)領(lǐng)域去進(jìn)行研究或制定法律規(guī)范,但是,在解決基于海上運(yùn)輸產(chǎn)生的糾紛與矛盾時(shí),僅僅適用“海上貨物運(yùn)輸”一方面的法律則很難達(dá)到客觀公正的結(jié)果。因此,在司法實(shí)踐中,我們不應(yīng)該拘泥于傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn),而應(yīng)該把在海上貨物運(yùn)輸過程中產(chǎn)生的提單糾紛放在整個(gè)國際貿(mào)易流程中去認(rèn)識(shí)與把握,將相關(guān)的貿(mào)易因素加以考慮作為確定責(zé)任方與衡量當(dāng)事方責(zé)任的依據(jù)之一,把各有關(guān)法律規(guī)定對(duì)應(yīng)、銜接起來,仔細(xì)研究分析并確定所適用的法律。只有這樣,才能達(dá)到司法公正與審判便利的目的,才能有助于
[Abstract]:International trade is a network of contracts, one of the most common international trade, which generally involves contracts such as the sale of goods, the carriage of goods and letters of credit. In these contracts, the contract of sale can be said to be the center of the whole transaction. To a certain extent, contracts for the carriage of goods by sea and letters of credit serve the international sale and purchase of goods, and their contents are greatly influenced by the specific provisions of the contract of sale and purchase. The requirement of bill of lading in the contract of sale and purchase is the basis of other aspects of the demand for bill of lading. It is precisely because of the existence of the bill of lading, which is called the carrier of international trade and shipping, that the contract for the sale of goods is made. The contract of carriage of goods and the contract of letter of credit are closely intertwined in the practice of maritime transportation. As a result, all kinds of disputes related to bills of lading have also crossed the scope of maritime transport and gone deep into the international sale of goods. Even throughout the entire international trade process. However, contracts for the purchase and sale of goods, contracts for the carriage of goods and contracts for letter of credit are separate contracts in practice, which are applicable to the law, operating rules for business, The subject and object are all different from each other. It is precisely because of their contradiction in theory and practice that they are not only closely linked but also independent, which leads to the continuous emergence and complication of various bills of lading disputes. In this paper, a lot of disputes about endorsement of bill of lading, advance borrowing, reverse signing of bill of lading, shipping guarantee and demurrage, which exist in practice and are closely related to the contents of international contracts for the sale of goods, are taken as the research objects, and the United Kingdom is used for reference. The relevant bill of lading legislation of the United States, Japan, France, Germany, South Korea, Taiwan and other countries and regions, combined with the relevant provisions of international conventions and international practices, Based on China's Maritime Law, General principles of Civil Law, contract Law and other relevant laws and the specific provisions of judicial interpretation, and using a large number of Chinese and foreign typical cases, starting with the specific provisions of the international contract for the sale of goods, the causes of the above disputes are discussed. On the basis of summing up and absorbing the previous research results, the academic circles have all kinds of viewpoints, the concrete manifestation of disputes and the preventive measures of disputes, and so on. Through systematic theoretical research and a large number of case studies, the author draws the following conclusions: in the legal research or legislative work, People can study the legal relations of "goods sale", "maritime transport", "letter of credit" as a relatively independent field to study or formulate legal norms. However, in resolving disputes and conflicts arising from maritime transport, The application of the law on the one hand of "carriage of goods by sea" alone is difficult to achieve objective and impartial results. Therefore, in judicial practice, we should not stick to traditional views. Instead, the bill of lading disputes arising in the course of the carriage of goods by sea should be recognized and grasped in the whole international trade process, and the relevant trade factors should be considered as one of the bases for determining the liability of the responsible party and measuring the liability of the party concerned. All relevant laws and regulations should be matched, linked up, carefully studied and analyzed, and the applicable law determined. Only in this way, can the purposes of judicial justice and judicial convenience be achieved, and only in this way can they help
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2005
【分類號(hào)】：D99

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

中國碩士學(xué)位論文全文數(shù)據(jù)庫 前2條

1 李研;倒簽提單法律性質(zhì)研究[D];南昌大學(xué);2010年

2 文麗;海運(yùn)提單批注的法律研究[D];華東政法大學(xué);2011年

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本文編號(hào)：1659706