本文選題：《鹿特丹規(guī)則》　切入點(diǎn)：電子運(yùn)輸記錄　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著海上國際貨物運(yùn)輸業(yè)的發(fā)展，傳統(tǒng)運(yùn)輸單證——提單的時(shí)代滯后性弱點(diǎn)在國際海上貨物運(yùn)輸實(shí)務(wù)中逐漸暴露出來，由此給船貨雙方尤其是承運(yùn)人帶來了諸多海上貨物運(yùn)輸交易問題和海商糾紛，其中承運(yùn)人無單放貨問題便是最典型、最常見的問題。與此同時(shí)，由于電子通訊特別是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展，這便為海上貨物運(yùn)輸中的運(yùn)輸單證制度的發(fā)展與創(chuàng)新帶來了制度啟發(fā)和技術(shù)保障，電子單證制度隨之產(chǎn)生并應(yīng)勢發(fā)展。在短短三十年的時(shí)間里，無論是海運(yùn)實(shí)務(wù)界還是海商法領(lǐng)域?qū)W術(shù)界都為推動(dòng)電子單證制度的發(fā)展進(jìn)行了大量的努力和嘗試。在諸多探索中最新的也是最為詳盡的對(duì)電子單證制度作出法律性、權(quán)威性及可適用性確立的便是于2008年12月11日聯(lián)合國第63屆大會(huì)第67次會(huì)議通過的《聯(lián)合國全程或部分海上國際貨物運(yùn)輸合同公約》（簡稱《鹿特丹規(guī)則》）�！堵固氐ひ�(guī)則》將“電子運(yùn)輸記錄”制度作為與提單具有同等地位的新的單證制度列入國際條約，并不惜筆墨詳細(xì)的規(guī)定了對(duì)電子運(yùn)輸記錄的操作運(yùn)用，使得電子運(yùn)輸記錄在法律層面上具有了可操作性也使得這一制度在未來的海運(yùn)實(shí)務(wù)領(lǐng)域和司法實(shí)務(wù)領(lǐng)域?yàn)橄嚓P(guān)從業(yè)人員提供具有可預(yù)見性的指導(dǎo)規(guī)范。因此，近年來一些學(xué)者開始對(duì)電子運(yùn)輸記錄制度進(jìn)行研究，但是筆者注意到目前國內(nèi)學(xué)者對(duì)電子運(yùn)輸記錄的研究多限于對(duì)電子運(yùn)輸記錄與傳統(tǒng)運(yùn)輸單證的比較性研究或者是對(duì)電子運(yùn)輸記錄的創(chuàng)新性意義的研究，鮮有對(duì)電子運(yùn)輸記錄本身的深入研究以及對(duì)這一制度在實(shí)踐中可能出現(xiàn)的問題的探討。本文也正是在這樣的時(shí)代背景和現(xiàn)實(shí)背景下，試圖尋求對(duì)電子運(yùn)輸記錄制度的深入探析。同時(shí)，，由于運(yùn)輸單證制度是海上貨物運(yùn)輸關(guān)系以及與其相關(guān)的法律制度的重要組成部分甚至是核心內(nèi)容，所以對(duì)運(yùn)輸單證制度的每一次調(diào)整和創(chuàng)新都必然對(duì)海商法領(lǐng)域帶來巨大影響。而作為電子商務(wù)時(shí)代中電子單證制度創(chuàng)新的產(chǎn)物，電子運(yùn)輸記錄制度能否逐漸被接受和廣泛使用值得期待。我國《海商法》并沒有有關(guān)電子單證的具體規(guī)定，因此為了順應(yīng)未來運(yùn)輸單證電子化的時(shí)代潮流，在將來修改《海商法》的時(shí)候也有必要對(duì)《鹿特丹規(guī)則》的電子運(yùn)輸記錄制度進(jìn)行吸收、借鑒。由此，正是從以上兩個(gè)層次考慮出發(fā)，以對(duì)電子運(yùn)輸記錄的研究和《海商法》修改為主題來寫作此論文。本文分為兩大部分共七章，第一大部分是第一至第六章的內(nèi)容主要是對(duì)電子運(yùn)輸記錄制度進(jìn)行分析和探討；第二大部分則是第七章的內(nèi)容通過電子運(yùn)輸記錄這一視角對(duì)我國《海商法》的修改進(jìn)行思考。其中，第一章是“電子運(yùn)輸記錄的概述”，主要是對(duì)電子運(yùn)輸記錄以及相關(guān)概念進(jìn)行介紹和分析；第二章是“電子運(yùn)輸記錄的功能”，對(duì)電子運(yùn)輸記錄所具有的三大功能進(jìn)行論證；第三章是“電子運(yùn)輸記錄的可轉(zhuǎn)讓性”，通過對(duì)電子運(yùn)輸記錄的可轉(zhuǎn)讓性進(jìn)行全面的論述，有助于更好的理解電子運(yùn)輸記錄的功能，認(rèn)識(shí)到電子運(yùn)輸記錄的價(jià)值；第四章是“電子運(yùn)輸記錄的使用”，本章并不是單純介紹電子運(yùn)輸記錄的使用流程，而是對(duì)其使用中的一些特殊規(guī)定以及可能出現(xiàn)的問題進(jìn)行討論；第五章是“電子運(yùn)輸記錄的意義”，本章主要在于分析電子運(yùn)輸記錄的價(jià)值及其優(yōu)點(diǎn)；第六章是“關(guān)于電子運(yùn)輸記錄的其他問題”，這里圍繞著電子運(yùn)輸記錄的質(zhì)押和電子運(yùn)輸記錄的結(jié)匯這兩個(gè)非電子運(yùn)輸記錄制度本身的問題稍加論述，使讀者對(duì)電子運(yùn)輸記錄在現(xiàn)代國際商務(wù)中的作用有個(gè)更廣闊的了解。第七章是“對(duì)我國修改《海商法》的思考”，這一章構(gòu)成了文章第二大部分，以電子運(yùn)輸記錄為視角對(duì)我國《海商法》的修改進(jìn)行分析。盡管本章并不是本文論述的重點(diǎn)而且所占篇幅也相對(duì)較少，但是筆者認(rèn)為這部分內(nèi)容對(duì)我國海運(yùn)事業(yè)來講具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義，同時(shí)通過對(duì)這一問題的探討和分析也表明了筆者的研究角度和思維方式�？傊�，筆者希望通過這七章內(nèi)容對(duì)電子運(yùn)輸記錄制度在法律制度層面進(jìn)行一個(gè)深入的分析，將對(duì)電子運(yùn)輸記錄這一單一問題的研究由宏觀引向微觀。
[Abstract]:With the development of international maritime cargo transport industry, the traditional transport documents -- Bill of lading time lag of weakness in the practice of international carriage of goods by sea in gradually exposed, especially the carrier due to the conflict brought a lot of carriage of goods by sea trading and maritime disputes, the delivery of goods without bill of lading is the most typical, the most common problem at the same time, due to electronic communication, especially the rapid development of Internet technology, has brought inspiration and technical support system for the development and innovation of the maritime transport of goods transport documents system, electronic documents system should be created and potential development. In just thirty years, whether maritime practice or maritime law the academic circles have carried out a lot of effort and try to promote the development of the electronic document system. In many of the newest and most detailed Make law of electronic documents system, authoritative and applicable establishment is the United Nations whole or part of the contract for the international carriage of goods by Sea Convention "in December 11, 2008 sixty-third session of the United Nations General Assembly by the sixty-seventh meeting of the" (referred to as the "Rotterdam rules"). The Rotterdam rules "electronic transport records system has the same as the status of the new documents and bills of lading system included in the international treaties, and detailed provisions on the ink at the operation of electronic transport records, the electronic transport records on the legal aspects of operational also makes this system provide predictability guidelines for the relevant professionals in the field of maritime practice and future the field of judicial practice. Therefore, in recent years, some scholars began to study the system of electronic transport records, but the author noted that the current domestic scholars on electronic transport A comparative study on electronic transport records and traditional transport documents or is of innovative significance of the electronic transport records are mostly limited to the record study, rarely on the electronic transport records in-depth study and Discussion on the possible of this system in practical problems. This article is in this background and under the realistic background, trying to seek an in-depth study on the system of electronic transport records. At the same time, the transport document system is an important part of the relationship between the carriage of goods by sea and the related legal system and even the core content, so every time the adjustment and innovation of the system of transport documents were bound to the field of Maritime Law and a huge impact. As a product of the electronic document system of electronic commerce in the era of innovation, the record system of electronic transportation can be gradually accepted and widely used in our country. It is worth looking forward to the sea " Commercial Law > and there is no specific provisions relating to electronic documents, in order to conform to the trend of the future of electronic transport documents, in the future revision of the maritime law > when it is necessary to "Rotterdam rules" electronic transport records system for absorption, reference. Thus, it is from the above two levels of study the electronic transport records and "maritime law > as the theme for the writing of this paper. This paper is divided into two parts altogether seven chapters, the first part is the first to the sixth chapter is mainly to analyze and discuss the electronic transport records system; the second part is the seventh chapter of the content through the electronic transport records from the perspective of change on China's Maritime Law > < thinking. Among them, the first chapter is the overview of electronic transport records, mainly on the introduction and analysis of electronic transport records and related concepts; the second chapter is" The function of electronic transport records ", its three major functions of electronic transport records are proved; the third chapter is" the transfer of electronic transport records ", based on the electronic transport records can be comprehensively transferred and contribute to a better understanding of the function of electronic transport records, realize electronic transport records the value; the fourth chapter is" the use of "electronic transport records, this chapter not only introduces the electronic transport records the use of process, but some of the special provisions in use and possible problems are discussed; the fifth chapter is" the meaning of electronic transport records ", this chapter mainly lies in the value and advantages of electronic analysis transport records; the sixth chapter is" on other issues "electronic transport records, electronic transport records here around the pledge and electronic transport records the settlement of the two non electronic Transport records system itself the question a little discussion, so that readers of electronic transport records in modern international business in the role of a broader understanding. The seventh chapter is "the amendment of Chinese Maritime Law > < thinking" this chapter constitutes the second part, the electronic transport records from the perspective of changes to our country < > maritime law were analyzed. Although the focus of this chapter is not discussed in this paper and the space is relatively small, but I think that this part has important practical significance for China's shipping industry, at the same time, through the discussion and Analysis on this issue also shows the author's research angle and way of thinking. In short, I hope that through the seven chapters on the electronic transport records system carries on a thorough analysis on the legal system level, will study the problem of a single record of electron transport from macro to micro.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D922.294

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