本文選題：無單放貨　切入點(diǎn)：法律責(zé)任　出處：《中國海洋大學(xué)》2006年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：無單放貨是目前海商法學(xué)界爭論的熱點(diǎn)問題。定義無單放貨并區(qū)分提單在貿(mào)易運(yùn)輸中各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)中的法律性質(zhì)或功能，對于司法實(shí)踐是非常有意義的，是解決無單放貨問題的基礎(chǔ)。提單在不同的領(lǐng)域內(nèi)具有不同的功能：在信用證結(jié)算領(lǐng)域，提單具有擔(dān)保物權(quán)功能；在貿(mào)易流通領(lǐng)域，提單具有物權(quán)功能或者說是所有權(quán)功能；在運(yùn)輸領(lǐng)域，提單所體現(xiàn)的是一種債的法律關(guān)系，是承運(yùn)人據(jù)以交付貨物的保證，不具有物權(quán)性。 筆者根據(jù)無單放貨行為具體實(shí)施者的不同，從承運(yùn)人、承運(yùn)人的代理人、其他相關(guān)人等角度出發(fā)，分析了各自應(yīng)承擔(dān)的法律責(zé)任，以求進(jìn)一步明確無單放貨的法律屬性與本質(zhì)特征。當(dāng)承運(yùn)人實(shí)施無單放貨行為時(shí)，對提單持有人首先構(gòu)成違約，并可能構(gòu)成侵權(quán)，從而形成責(zé)任的競合；實(shí)際承運(yùn)人對其無單放貨行為在某些情況下應(yīng)承擔(dān)法定責(zé)任；當(dāng)承運(yùn)人的代理人實(shí)施無單放貨行為時(shí)，，對提單持有人可能構(gòu)成侵權(quán)。認(rèn)為承運(yùn)人實(shí)施的無單放貨行為對提單持有人構(gòu)成了違約，并有可能對其構(gòu)成侵權(quán)，因此往往形成違約責(zé)任和侵權(quán)責(zé)任的競合；而承運(yùn)人的代理人或其他人因?yàn)榕c提單持有人之間沒有提單形成的權(quán)利義務(wù)關(guān)系，因此他的無單放貨行為只能構(gòu)成侵權(quán)行為。由此提出了應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)不同情況分別定性的觀點(diǎn)，并且針對這些情況分別提出了處理的意見。 當(dāng)提單持有人就無單放貨向承運(yùn)人、實(shí)際承運(yùn)人及其代理人等提出索賠時(shí)，后者往往會(huì)提出各種抗辯，旨在擺脫其所面臨的無單放貨索賠的困境。本文通過對承運(yùn)人等可能提出的各種抗辯理由的剖析，使大家重新審視無單放貨這一法律問題。 實(shí)踐中，承運(yùn)人、收貨人、提單持有人等海上貨物運(yùn)輸相關(guān)的當(dāng)事人應(yīng)如何避免因無單放貨而帶來的糾紛，如何采取預(yù)防措施，這是本文的最終目的。筆者從承運(yùn)人、提單持有人的角度，對無單放貨問題提出了相關(guān)的保護(hù)措施，并提出了相關(guān)的立法建議。
[Abstract]:It is very meaningful to define the legal nature or function of bill of lading in all aspects of trade transportation by defining non-bill of lading delivery without bill of lading, which is a hot issue in the maritime law field at present. Bill of lading has different functions in different fields: in the field of settlement of letters of credit, bill of lading has the function of security interest, in the field of trade circulation, the bill of lading has the function of real right or ownership; In the field of transportation, the bill of lading embodies a kind of legal relationship of debt, which is the guarantee for the carrier to deliver the goods, and has no real right. According to the differences of the specific perpetrators of the delivery of goods without documents, the author analyzes their respective legal responsibilities from the perspectives of the carrier, the carrier's agent, and other related parties. In order to further clarify the legal attributes and essential characteristics of the delivery of goods without bills of lading, when the carrier carries out the act of delivery without bill of lading, the holder of the bill of lading is first in breach of contract, and may constitute infringement, thus forming the concurrence of liability; The actual carrier shall be legally liable in certain circumstances for his discharge of goods without documentary evidence; when the carrier's agent commits the act of delivering the goods without a bill of lading, To the holder of the bill of lading may constitute an infringement. It is considered that the carrier's undocumented delivery of goods constitutes a breach of contract to the holder of the bill of lading, and may constitute an infringement of the bill of lading holder, so it often forms the concurrence between the liability for breach of contract and the liability for tort; Since the carrier's agent or other person does not have the right and obligation relationship between the bill of lading and the holder of the bill of lading, his undocumented delivery of goods can only constitute an act of tort. Therefore, the viewpoint that the carrier's agent or other person should be characterized separately according to different circumstances is put forward. And in view of these situations, respectively, put forward the views to deal with. When the holder of the bill of lading makes a claim against the carrier, the actual carrier and his agent for the delivery of the goods, the latter often raises a variety of defences, In order to get rid of the predicament of the claim without bill of lading, this paper analyzes the possible defense of the carrier and makes us re-examine the legal problem of the delivery of goods without bill of lading. In practice, the carrier, consignee, bill of lading and other related parties in the carriage of goods by sea should avoid disputes caused by the delivery of goods without bills of lading, and how to take preventive measures, which is the ultimate purpose of this paper. From the point of view of the holder of bill of lading, this paper puts forward some relevant protection measures and relevant legislative suggestions on the issue of undocumented delivery.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2006
【分類號】：D996.19

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 張挺;;無單放貨及法律責(zé)任[J];法制博覽(中旬刊);2012年06期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前6條

1 張倩;承運(yùn)人無單放貨責(zé)任研究[D];大連海事大學(xué);2011年

2 王超;承運(yùn)人無單放貨法律責(zé)任研究[D];天津財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué);2011年

3 楊嶺;探析海運(yùn)保函相關(guān)法律問題[D];華中科技大學(xué);2010年

4 胡珍珍;無單放貨的法律責(zé)任及承運(yùn)人的抗辯[D];華東政法大學(xué);2008年

5 薛中巍;無單放貨若干法律問題分析[D];蘭州大學(xué);2009年

6 肖建依;無單放貨國際私法問題研究[D];復(fù)旦大學(xué);2009年

本文編號：1633622