本文選題：海上保險(xiǎn)　切入點(diǎn)：強(qiáng)制責(zé)任保險(xiǎn)　出處：《遼寧大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著海運(yùn)業(yè)的迅猛發(fā)展,國際社會(huì)日益關(guān)注海洋環(huán)境保護(hù)和受害第三人利益的保護(hù),國際組織逐漸就設(shè)立海上強(qiáng)制責(zé)任保險(xiǎn)第三人直接請(qǐng)求權(quán)達(dá)成一致共識(shí),我國在從海運(yùn)大國向海運(yùn)強(qiáng)國邁進(jìn)的過程中,理應(yīng)順應(yīng)時(shí)代潮流及時(shí)更新現(xiàn)行法律制度,以我國的國情現(xiàn)實(shí)和未來發(fā)展趨勢(shì)為導(dǎo)向,進(jìn)行具有實(shí)用性與前瞻性的海上強(qiáng)制責(zé)任保險(xiǎn)第三人直接請(qǐng)求權(quán)的立法研究。本文共分為四個(gè)部分:第一部分介紹了海上強(qiáng)制責(zé)任保險(xiǎn)與第三人直接請(qǐng)求權(quán)的一般理論,在本文的論述中具有基礎(chǔ)地位。第二部分闡述了國外立法和國際公約中的先進(jìn)規(guī)定,為我國立法提供參考。第三部分著重探討了海上強(qiáng)制責(zé)任保險(xiǎn)第三人直接請(qǐng)求權(quán)的實(shí)踐問題,得出以下結(jié)論:首先,由于在海上強(qiáng)制責(zé)任保險(xiǎn)中第三人直接請(qǐng)求權(quán)屬于法定權(quán)利,那么保賠保險(xiǎn)合同中的先付條款不能對(duì)抗這一權(quán)利;其次,本文分析了保險(xiǎn)人在面對(duì)第三人直接請(qǐng)求權(quán)時(shí)享有的抗辯理由,包括賠償責(zé)任限制等;再次,通過對(duì)具體案例的分析,借鑒機(jī)動(dòng)車強(qiáng)制保險(xiǎn)中的追償權(quán),嘗試建立海上強(qiáng)制責(zé)任保險(xiǎn)中保險(xiǎn)人對(duì)第三人賠償后,在被保險(xiǎn)人違反合同義務(wù)的情況下享有對(duì)被保險(xiǎn)人的追償權(quán);最后,當(dāng)受害第三人為多數(shù)時(shí),明確了其保險(xiǎn)金分配比例和程序,借鑒《票據(jù)法》中的公示催告制度,在法定期間內(nèi)督促第三人申報(bào)權(quán)利,在公告期滿后,保險(xiǎn)人統(tǒng)一進(jìn)行保險(xiǎn)金分配,保障第三人利益的平等分配,有效避免保險(xiǎn)人惡意分配保險(xiǎn)金。第四部分總結(jié)我國的《保險(xiǎn)法》、《海商法》、《海訴法》中關(guān)于第三人請(qǐng)求權(quán)的立法不足并提出改進(jìn)意見。根據(jù)本文的分析,筆者提出以下具體制度設(shè)計(jì):在《保險(xiǎn)法》中加入責(zé)任保險(xiǎn)第三人直接請(qǐng)求權(quán)的一般性規(guī)定;在《海商法》中加入海上強(qiáng)制責(zé)任保險(xiǎn)的各項(xiàng)制度,包括油污損害賠償、運(yùn)輸有毒有害物質(zhì)損害賠償、旅客人身損害賠償?shù)让袷仑?zé)任制度,并將第三人直接請(qǐng)求權(quán)、保險(xiǎn)人的抗辯權(quán)、追償權(quán)等具體條款嵌入其中,以彌補(bǔ)法律的空白;在《海訴法》中規(guī)定這些權(quán)利行使的程序性規(guī)定。在現(xiàn)行法律框架內(nèi)修訂實(shí)體法和程序法,逐步達(dá)到推進(jìn)海上強(qiáng)制責(zé)任保險(xiǎn)第三人直接請(qǐng)求權(quán)的立法目標(biāo)。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of maritime transportation industry, the international community is paying more and more attention to the protection of the marine environment and the protection of the interests of the third party injured. International organizations have gradually reached a consensus on the establishment of the direct claim right of the third party for compulsory liability insurance at sea. In the process of moving from a maritime power to a strong maritime power, China should update its current legal system in a timely manner in keeping with the trend of the times, guided by the reality of China's national conditions and future development trends. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part introduces the general theory of marine compulsory liability insurance and the third party's direct claim. The second part expounds the advanced provisions of foreign legislation and international conventions. The third part mainly discusses the practical problems of the third party's direct claim in marine compulsory liability insurance, and draws the following conclusions: first, Since the right of direct claim by a third party in marine compulsory liability insurance is a legal right, the pre-payment clause in the insurance contract cannot counter this right; secondly, This paper analyzes the defense that the insurer enjoys in the face of the direct claim of the third party, including the limitation of liability. Thirdly, through the analysis of specific cases, the author draws lessons from the right of recourse in compulsory motor vehicle insurance. After attempting to establish the marine compulsory liability insurance, the insurer will enjoy the right of recourse against the insured in the case of breach of contractual obligations after the insurer pays compensation to the third party; finally, when the third party is the majority of the injured third party, This paper clarifies the proportion and procedure of the distribution of insurance funds, draws lessons from the system of public notice in the negotiable Instruments Law, urges the third party to declare their rights within the legal period, and after the expiration of the announcement, the insurer shall distribute the insurance gold uniformly. Safeguarding the equal distribution of the interests of third parties, Part 4th summarizes the lack of legislation on the third party's right of claim in China's Insurance Law, Maritime Law and Maritime procedure Law, and puts forward some suggestions for improvement. The author puts forward the following specific system design: to add the general provisions of the direct claim right of the third party in liability insurance in the Insurance Law, and to add various systems of compulsory liability insurance to the Maritime Law, including compensation for oil pollution damage, The system of civil liability such as damages for transportation of toxic and harmful substances, compensation for personal injury of passengers, and so on, which embed the right of direct claim of the third party, the right of defense of the insurer, the right of recourse and so on, to make up the gaps in the law; The procedural provisions for the exercise of these rights are stipulated in the Maritime suit Law. The substantive law and the procedural law are revised within the existing legal framework to gradually achieve the legislative goal of advancing the direct claim of the third party in marine compulsory liability insurance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D922.294;D922.284

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 康婧婧;;論我國船舶油污損害賠償基金制度的完善[J];中國海事;2014年04期

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本文編號(hào)：1594383