本文選題：海上保險(xiǎn)　切入點(diǎn)：保證　出處：《哈爾濱工程大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 海上保險(xiǎn)保證制度是最大誠(chéng)信原則的具體體現(xiàn),是保險(xiǎn)人借以控制承保風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的重要手段,英國(guó)《1906年海上保險(xiǎn)法》首次把海上保險(xiǎn)保證確立為一項(xiàng)法律制度。但那時(shí)傳統(tǒng)的保證制度,以被保險(xiǎn)人履行義務(wù)的嚴(yán)格性和違反保證義務(wù)后果的嚴(yán)厲性而著稱。海上保險(xiǎn)保證制度最初設(shè)立的本意是維護(hù)保險(xiǎn)人的利益。然而,在傳統(tǒng)海上保險(xiǎn)保證制度下,保險(xiǎn)人的利益是得到了充分的維護(hù),但卻嚴(yán)重?fù)p害了被保險(xiǎn)人的正當(dāng)合法利益。當(dāng)前,很多學(xué)者認(rèn)為保證似乎已漸漸演變成保險(xiǎn)人用以逃避保險(xiǎn)責(zé)任的工具了,甚至有人懷疑海上保險(xiǎn)保證帶來(lái)的負(fù)面效應(yīng)似乎超過(guò)了該制度應(yīng)有的積極作用。為此,世界范圍內(nèi)掀起了一股揚(yáng)棄、修正海上保險(xiǎn)保證制度的熱潮。 我國(guó)《海商法》第235條提及了保證。而僅有的一條法律規(guī)定不僅不夠完備,有時(shí)還有失嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)�？梢哉f(shuō),我國(guó)目前尚不存在完備的海上保險(xiǎn)保證制度。但是,另一方面,無(wú)論是從司法解釋有關(guān)海上保險(xiǎn)保證條款的規(guī)定來(lái)看,還是就保證本身的價(jià)值來(lái)看,可以肯定的是,我國(guó)不僅在事實(shí)上已經(jīng)承認(rèn)了保證條款在實(shí)踐中的應(yīng)用,更有意在海上保險(xiǎn)法領(lǐng)域全面引入這一制度。 眾所周知,各國(guó)在完善本國(guó)保證制度的過(guò)程中,各有不同。我國(guó)也同樣面臨著如何構(gòu)建與完善海上保險(xiǎn)保證制度這一棘手的問(wèn)題。本文的主體部分將以一些大家比較關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)問(wèn)題為討論對(duì)象：比如,保證如何識(shí)別；違反保證的判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是否應(yīng)當(dāng)引入因果關(guān)系理論；我國(guó)是否該引入默示保證等；同時(shí),本文對(duì)大陸法系的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)變更制度和英美法系的保證制度提出了“趨同論”,希望我們借鑒的是他們共同存在的最優(yōu)質(zhì)的地方,且淡話并放棄糾葛兩者的差異。通過(guò)對(duì)以上問(wèn)題的研究,立足我國(guó)自身的法律環(huán)境,以期從中探索保證制度在我國(guó)的應(yīng)然模式。
[Abstract]:The guarantee system of marine insurance is a concrete embodiment of the principle of maximum good faith and an important means for the insurer to control the risk of underwriting. The British Marine Insurance Act of 1906 established marine insurance warranty as a legal system for the first time. It is well known for the strictness of the insured's performance of the obligation and the severity of the consequences of breach of the guaranty obligation. The original intention of the marine insurance guarantee system was to safeguard the interests of the insurer. However, under the traditional marine insurance guarantee system, The interest of the insurer is fully protected, but it seriously damages the legitimate and legitimate interests of the insured. At present, many scholars think that the guarantee has gradually evolved into an instrument used by the insurer to evade its liability. Some people even doubt that the negative effect brought by the guarantee of marine insurance seems to exceed the positive effect of the system. Therefore, a wave of sublation and revision of the guarantee system of marine insurance has been launched all over the world. Article 235 of the Maritime Law of China refers to warranty. The only legal provision is not only incomplete, but also sometimes lax. It can be said that there is no complete marine insurance guarantee system in our country at present. However, on the other hand, Whether from the judicial interpretation of the provisions of the marine insurance warranty clause, or from the value of the warranty itself, we can be sure that not only has our country in fact recognized the application of the warranty clause in practice, More interested in the field of marine insurance law to fully introduce this system. As we all know, in the process of improving their national guarantee systems, China is also faced with the thorny problem of how to construct and perfect the marine insurance guarantee system. The main part of this paper will focus on some of the focus issues: for example, how to identify the guarantee; Whether the criterion of breach of warranty should introduce the theory of causality; whether our country should introduce implied warranty, etc.; at the same time, This paper puts forward the "convergence theory" to the risk change system of the continental law system and the guarantee system of the common law system, hoping that what we can learn from them is the best quality place that they exist together. Through the study of the above problems, based on our own legal environment, in order to explore the guarantee system in our country should be the mode.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：D922.284;D922.294

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