本文選題：國際海上貨物運輸合同　切入點：承運人損害賠償責任　出處：《上海海運學院》2001年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】： 本文在國際社會試圖統(tǒng)一海上貨物運輸法律和我國正在醞釀修改《海商法》的背景下，以國際海上貨物運輸承運人損害賠償責任制度為線索，根據(jù)我國《海商法》，結(jié)合我國民法、合同法理論，并參照國際公約和國外有關的判例和學說，分析討論海上貨物運輸合同中承運人損害賠償責任中的基本理論問題：承運人的義務及其違約行為、承運人的過錯、承運人應負責的損害事實和承運人違約行為和損失之間的因果關系。 第一章，，承運人的義務及其違約行為。一般認為使船舶適航、管理貨物和不繞航是承運人在國際海上貨物運輸合同中承擔的基本義務。本章以貨方通過證明貨物“交好返壞”即完成舉證責任為根本出發(fā)點，通過分析“交好返壞”這一事實和船舶適航、管理貨物等“基本義務”之間的關系，提出完好地、及時地將貨物運抵目的地，交付給收貨人是承運人在合同中承擔主要義務。然后分析了承運人的違約行為以及和違約行為有關的一些具體問題。 第二章，承運人的過錯。本章首先闡述了討論承運人過錯的意義，提出無論承運人的責任原則是過錯責任還是嚴格責任均涉及過錯問題，在嚴格責任下，過錯是承運人援引免責事由的前提。然后，根據(jù)承運人不能通過證明無過錯來免除責任的做法，提出我國《海商法》中承運人的責任原則應當是嚴格責任。接著，根據(jù)承運人的完好及時交付貨物的義務，提出承運人的過錯表現(xiàn)為沒有為完好交付貨物采取善良管理人應當采取的措施，具體表現(xiàn)為沒有采取適當措施使船舶適航等，并通過分析過錯和免責事由之間關系，討論了過錯的證明問題。最后分析承運人為履行輔助人負責的根據(jù)等問題。 第三章，承運人應負責的損害事實。本章針對貨物損壞或者滅失時，承運人是否賠償利潤損失以及其他經(jīng)濟損失的爭論，通過分析貨物“滅失或者損壞”的含義，提出承運人應當對貨方遭受的經(jīng)濟損失承擔責任、 第四章，承運人的違約行為和損失之間的因果關系。本文針對審判中判斷因果關系的方法和標準不統(tǒng)一的問題，提出應當明晰化實踐中采用的因果關系認定方法，認定因果關系時應當分兩個層次進行，首先是根據(jù)要不則無規(guī)則判斷事實上的因果關系是否成立，其次是根據(jù)合理預見規(guī)則判斷法律上的因果關系是否成立，最后根據(jù)因果關系得出承運人的賠償范圍。
[Abstract]:Under the background that the international community is trying to unify the law of carriage of goods by sea and our country is preparing to amend the Maritime Law, this paper takes the system of carrier's liability for damages in the international carriage of goods by sea as the clue. According to China's Maritime Law, combined with the theory of civil law and contract law of our country, and referring to international conventions and relevant foreign cases and doctrines, This paper analyzes and discusses the basic theoretical problems in the carrier's liability for damages in the contract of carriage of goods by sea: the carrier's obligation and its breach of contract, the carrier's fault, The causality between the fact of damage to which the carrier is liable and the carrier's breach of contract and loss. Chapter I, obligations of the carrier and its breach of contract. It is generally considered that the ship is seaworthy, The management of goods and non-deviation is the basic obligation of the carrier in the contract for the international carriage of goods by sea. This chapter takes the completion of the burden of proof by certifying that the goods are "good for good and bad" as the fundamental starting point. By analyzing the relationship between the fact that the ship is "good for good and bad" and the "basic obligations" such as seaworthiness and cargo management, it is proposed that the goods be transported to their destination in a sound and timely manner. Delivery to the consignee is the carrier's main obligation in the contract. Then the carrier's breach of contract and some specific problems related to the breach are analyzed. Chapter two, the fault of the carrier. This chapter firstly discusses the significance of the carrier's fault, and points out that whether the carrier's liability principle is fault liability or strict liability is related to fault, under strict liability, Fault is the prerequisite for the carrier to invoke the exoneration. Then, according to the fact that the carrier can not exempt himself from liability by proving no fault, it is proposed that the carrier's principle of liability in Maritime Law of China should be strict liability. According to the carrier's obligation to deliver the goods in good condition and in time, it is pointed out that the carrier's fault is that the carrier has not taken the measures that the good manager should take for the good delivery of the goods, and the specific manifestation is the failure to take appropriate measures to make the ship seaworthy, etc. Through the analysis of the relationship between fault and exoneration, the problem of fault proof is discussed. Finally, the basis of carrier's responsibility for the performance of assistive person is analyzed. Chapter III, the fact of damage to which the carrier is liable. This chapter argues whether the carrier will compensate for the loss of profits and other economic losses when the goods are damaged or lost, and by analyzing the meaning of "loss or damage" of the goods, It is proposed that the carrier shall be liable for the economic loss suffered by the consignor, Chapter 4th, causality between the carrier's breach of contract and loss. Aiming at the problem of inconsistent methods and standards of judging causality in trial, this paper puts forward the method of determining causality in the practice of clarification. When determining causality, it should be divided into two levels: first, to judge whether the factual causality is established or not, and secondly, to judge whether the legal causality is established according to the rule of reasonable foresight. Finally, according to the causality, the carrier's compensation range is obtained.
【學位授予單位】：上海海運學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2001
【分類號】：D996.19

【引證文獻】

相關碩士學位論文 前1條

1 馬貽;海運提單風險管理研究[D];大連海事大學;2010年

本文編號：1592279