本文選題：國(guó)際海上貨物運(yùn)輸合同　切入點(diǎn)：承運(yùn)人損害賠償責(zé)任　出處：《上海海運(yùn)學(xué)院》2001年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 本文在國(guó)際社會(huì)試圖統(tǒng)一海上貨物運(yùn)輸法律和我國(guó)正在醞釀修改《海商法》的背景下，以國(guó)際海上貨物運(yùn)輸承運(yùn)人損害賠償責(zé)任制度為線索，根據(jù)我國(guó)《海商法》，結(jié)合我國(guó)民法、合同法理論，并參照國(guó)際公約和國(guó)外有關(guān)的判例和學(xué)說(shuō)，分析討論海上貨物運(yùn)輸合同中承運(yùn)人損害賠償責(zé)任中的基本理論問(wèn)題：承運(yùn)人的義務(wù)及其違約行為、承運(yùn)人的過(guò)錯(cuò)、承運(yùn)人應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)的損害事實(shí)和承運(yùn)人違約行為和損失之間的因果關(guān)系。 第一章，，承運(yùn)人的義務(wù)及其違約行為。一般認(rèn)為使船舶適航、管理貨物和不繞航是承運(yùn)人在國(guó)際海上貨物運(yùn)輸合同中承擔(dān)的基本義務(wù)。本章以貨方通過(guò)證明貨物“交好返壞”即完成舉證責(zé)任為根本出發(fā)點(diǎn)，通過(guò)分析“交好返壞”這一事實(shí)和船舶適航、管理貨物等“基本義務(wù)”之間的關(guān)系，提出完好地、及時(shí)地將貨物運(yùn)抵目的地，交付給收貨人是承運(yùn)人在合同中承擔(dān)主要義務(wù)。然后分析了承運(yùn)人的違約行為以及和違約行為有關(guān)的一些具體問(wèn)題。 第二章，承運(yùn)人的過(guò)錯(cuò)。本章首先闡述了討論承運(yùn)人過(guò)錯(cuò)的意義，提出無(wú)論承運(yùn)人的責(zé)任原則是過(guò)錯(cuò)責(zé)任還是嚴(yán)格責(zé)任均涉及過(guò)錯(cuò)問(wèn)題，在嚴(yán)格責(zé)任下，過(guò)錯(cuò)是承運(yùn)人援引免責(zé)事由的前提。然后，根據(jù)承運(yùn)人不能通過(guò)證明無(wú)過(guò)錯(cuò)來(lái)免除責(zé)任的做法，提出我國(guó)《海商法》中承運(yùn)人的責(zé)任原則應(yīng)當(dāng)是嚴(yán)格責(zé)任。接著，根據(jù)承運(yùn)人的完好及時(shí)交付貨物的義務(wù)，提出承運(yùn)人的過(guò)錯(cuò)表現(xiàn)為沒(méi)有為完好交付貨物采取善良管理人應(yīng)當(dāng)采取的措施，具體表現(xiàn)為沒(méi)有采取適當(dāng)措施使船舶適航等，并通過(guò)分析過(guò)錯(cuò)和免責(zé)事由之間關(guān)系，討論了過(guò)錯(cuò)的證明問(wèn)題。最后分析承運(yùn)人為履行輔助人負(fù)責(zé)的根據(jù)等問(wèn)題。 第三章，承運(yùn)人應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)的損害事實(shí)。本章針對(duì)貨物損壞或者滅失時(shí)，承運(yùn)人是否賠償利潤(rùn)損失以及其他經(jīng)濟(jì)損失的爭(zhēng)論，通過(guò)分析貨物“滅失或者損壞”的含義，提出承運(yùn)人應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)貨方遭受的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失承擔(dān)責(zé)任、 第四章，承運(yùn)人的違約行為和損失之間的因果關(guān)系。本文針對(duì)審判中判斷因果關(guān)系的方法和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不統(tǒng)一的問(wèn)題，提出應(yīng)當(dāng)明晰化實(shí)踐中采用的因果關(guān)系認(rèn)定方法，認(rèn)定因果關(guān)系時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)分兩個(gè)層次進(jìn)行，首先是根據(jù)要不則無(wú)規(guī)則判斷事實(shí)上的因果關(guān)系是否成立，其次是根據(jù)合理預(yù)見(jiàn)規(guī)則判斷法律上的因果關(guān)系是否成立，最后根據(jù)因果關(guān)系得出承運(yùn)人的賠償范圍。
[Abstract]:Under the background that the international community is trying to unify the law of carriage of goods by sea and our country is preparing to amend the Maritime Law, this paper takes the system of carrier's liability for damages in the international carriage of goods by sea as the clue. According to China's Maritime Law, combined with the theory of civil law and contract law of our country, and referring to international conventions and relevant foreign cases and doctrines, This paper analyzes and discusses the basic theoretical problems in the carrier's liability for damages in the contract of carriage of goods by sea: the carrier's obligation and its breach of contract, the carrier's fault, The causality between the fact of damage to which the carrier is liable and the carrier's breach of contract and loss. Chapter I, obligations of the carrier and its breach of contract. It is generally considered that the ship is seaworthy, The management of goods and non-deviation is the basic obligation of the carrier in the contract for the international carriage of goods by sea. This chapter takes the completion of the burden of proof by certifying that the goods are "good for good and bad" as the fundamental starting point. By analyzing the relationship between the fact that the ship is "good for good and bad" and the "basic obligations" such as seaworthiness and cargo management, it is proposed that the goods be transported to their destination in a sound and timely manner. Delivery to the consignee is the carrier's main obligation in the contract. Then the carrier's breach of contract and some specific problems related to the breach are analyzed. Chapter two, the fault of the carrier. This chapter firstly discusses the significance of the carrier's fault, and points out that whether the carrier's liability principle is fault liability or strict liability is related to fault, under strict liability, Fault is the prerequisite for the carrier to invoke the exoneration. Then, according to the fact that the carrier can not exempt himself from liability by proving no fault, it is proposed that the carrier's principle of liability in Maritime Law of China should be strict liability. According to the carrier's obligation to deliver the goods in good condition and in time, it is pointed out that the carrier's fault is that the carrier has not taken the measures that the good manager should take for the good delivery of the goods, and the specific manifestation is the failure to take appropriate measures to make the ship seaworthy, etc. Through the analysis of the relationship between fault and exoneration, the problem of fault proof is discussed. Finally, the basis of carrier's responsibility for the performance of assistive person is analyzed. Chapter III, the fact of damage to which the carrier is liable. This chapter argues whether the carrier will compensate for the loss of profits and other economic losses when the goods are damaged or lost, and by analyzing the meaning of "loss or damage" of the goods, It is proposed that the carrier shall be liable for the economic loss suffered by the consignor, Chapter 4th, causality between the carrier's breach of contract and loss. Aiming at the problem of inconsistent methods and standards of judging causality in trial, this paper puts forward the method of determining causality in the practice of clarification. When determining causality, it should be divided into two levels: first, to judge whether the factual causality is established or not, and secondly, to judge whether the legal causality is established according to the rule of reasonable foresight. Finally, according to the causality, the carrier's compensation range is obtained.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海海運(yùn)學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2001
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D996.19

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 馬貽;海運(yùn)提單風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理研究[D];大連海事大學(xué);2010年

本文編號(hào)：1592279