本文選題：船舶抵押權(quán)人利益保險(xiǎn)　切入點(diǎn)：船舶融資　出處：《對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：船舶業(yè)是世界上資本最密集的產(chǎn)業(yè)之一，無論是制造船舶，還是出海航行，都需要巨額資金的支持，船舶融資是促進(jìn)船舶業(yè)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)。船舶抵押貸款是最為傳統(tǒng)和通用的船舶融資方式，船東通常會(huì)向銀行等金融機(jī)構(gòu)申請(qǐng)船舶抵押貸款來獲取巨額資金支持。但面對(duì)船舶業(yè)的高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)行業(yè)特性，銀行等金融機(jī)構(gòu)會(huì)擔(dān)憂自己的船舶抵押權(quán)益能否獲得保障，船舶業(yè)獲取船舶融資困難重重。國(guó)際船舶業(yè)需要尋找能夠充分、全面保障船舶抵押權(quán)人利益并能轉(zhuǎn)嫁相關(guān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理手段，以促進(jìn)和保障國(guó)際船舶融資渠道的暢通。 我國(guó)已成為全球第二大經(jīng)濟(jì)體，正在從航運(yùn)大國(guó)向航運(yùn)強(qiáng)國(guó)發(fā)展。我國(guó)的十八大報(bào)告首次提出要發(fā)展海洋經(jīng)濟(jì)，建設(shè)海洋強(qiáng)國(guó)的概念。我國(guó)的船舶航運(yùn)業(yè)是海洋經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展基礎(chǔ)，在實(shí)現(xiàn)海洋戰(zhàn)略的過程中，船舶航運(yùn)業(yè)必將得到大力發(fā)展。我國(guó)的船舶融資有近70%是以船舶抵押貸款的形式完成的，隨著國(guó)際航運(yùn)市場(chǎng)和金融市場(chǎng)的飛速發(fā)展，我國(guó)的船舶融資需求也進(jìn)一步增加。但是，，船舶航運(yùn)業(yè)的高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)性也使得目前我國(guó)的船舶融資面臨不小的困難。因此，我國(guó)亟需完整的船舶融資擔(dān)保體系，不僅需要大力發(fā)展傳統(tǒng)的船舶保險(xiǎn)、貨運(yùn)保險(xiǎn)和保賠保險(xiǎn)來保障抵押船舶的海上風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，更需要發(fā)展結(jié)合現(xiàn)行船舶融資特點(diǎn)的能保障船舶抵押權(quán)人利益的保險(xiǎn)。 船舶抵押權(quán)人利益保險(xiǎn)船舶抵押權(quán)人利益保險(xiǎn)（Mortgagees' InterestInsurance，簡(jiǎn)稱MII）是獨(dú)立為船舶抵押權(quán)人利益設(shè)計(jì)的保險(xiǎn)，由船舶抵押權(quán)人投保，以船舶抵押權(quán)為保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的，承保船舶抵押權(quán)人因第一線船舶保險(xiǎn)、保賠保險(xiǎn)發(fā)生拒賠或未能獲得全部賠付導(dǎo)致船舶抵押權(quán)人的優(yōu)先受償權(quán)受阻而產(chǎn)生的損失。船舶抵押權(quán)人利益保險(xiǎn)在西方發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家已經(jīng)發(fā)展數(shù)十年并日趨成熟，能夠在保障船舶抵押權(quán)人利益、轉(zhuǎn)移有關(guān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的同時(shí)，確保船舶融資的穩(wěn)健與安全。 本文認(rèn)為，在保障船舶抵押權(quán)人利益方面，船舶抵押權(quán)人利益保險(xiǎn)具有傳統(tǒng)第一線船舶保險(xiǎn)和保賠保險(xiǎn)無可比擬的優(yōu)越性：船舶抵押權(quán)人能夠根據(jù)需要自己安排投保，擁有更多的自主權(quán)；船舶抵押權(quán)人能夠擺脫只能依賴船舶抵押人行為的脆弱地位；而且船舶抵押權(quán)人利益保險(xiǎn)還有其他的并列險(xiǎn)種作為有益補(bǔ)充，能夠更好地保障船舶抵押權(quán)人的利益。我國(guó)發(fā)展船舶抵押權(quán)人利益保險(xiǎn)業(yè)務(wù)，有利于優(yōu)化目前我國(guó)保險(xiǎn)市場(chǎng)的船舶保險(xiǎn)業(yè)務(wù)結(jié)構(gòu)，豐富我國(guó)的航運(yùn)保險(xiǎn)市場(chǎng)，促進(jìn)我國(guó)航運(yùn)保險(xiǎn)市場(chǎng)的發(fā)展。 本文采用了比較分析法、文獻(xiàn)研究法、定性分析法三種研究方法，對(duì)船舶抵押權(quán)人利益保險(xiǎn)的有關(guān)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了仔細(xì)研究和深入分析。本文參照國(guó)內(nèi)外船舶抵押權(quán)人利益保險(xiǎn)的有關(guān)理論和學(xué)說，首先界定了船舶抵押權(quán)人利益保險(xiǎn)的概念，介紹了船舶抵押權(quán)人利益保險(xiǎn)的特征、主體、主要條款等內(nèi)容，重點(diǎn)對(duì)船舶抵押權(quán)人利益保險(xiǎn)的投保人、被保險(xiǎn)人、可保利益及承保風(fēng)險(xiǎn)以及主要條款進(jìn)行了詳盡的分析研究；隨后對(duì)船舶抵押權(quán)人利益保險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行了相應(yīng)的法經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分析，一方面結(jié)合我國(guó)《保險(xiǎn)法》、《海商法》、《擔(dān)保法》、《物權(quán)法》等有關(guān)法律法規(guī)，對(duì)該險(xiǎn)種做了相應(yīng)的法律分析，另一方面結(jié)合法經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論，對(duì)該險(xiǎn)種涉及的諸如經(jīng)濟(jì)人、不確定性、道德風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、逆向選擇、市場(chǎng)失靈、成本收益分析以及合同違約救濟(jì)等區(qū)別于普通民商法、較難得到傳統(tǒng)法學(xué)理論完整解釋的特征和慣例進(jìn)行深入研究；隨后，本文結(jié)合我國(guó)船舶融資、航運(yùn)業(yè)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀和現(xiàn)行法律制度，對(duì)我國(guó)探索發(fā)展船舶抵押權(quán)人利益保險(xiǎn)的必要性和可行性進(jìn)行分析和研究；最后，本文對(duì)船舶抵押權(quán)人利益保險(xiǎn)在我國(guó)未來發(fā)展的地位和作用進(jìn)行研究，指出船舶抵押權(quán)人利益保險(xiǎn)是我國(guó)航運(yùn)業(yè)發(fā)展和船舶融資發(fā)展的必然走向，并針對(duì)我國(guó)保險(xiǎn)業(yè)和保險(xiǎn)公司提出發(fā)展船舶抵押權(quán)人利益保險(xiǎn)的政策建議，也為保險(xiǎn)公司在不久的將來訂立抵押權(quán)人利益保險(xiǎn)合同條款提供了一些調(diào)整建議。 本文認(rèn)為，引進(jìn)和發(fā)展船舶抵押權(quán)人利益保險(xiǎn)能夠滿足我國(guó)船舶抵押融資發(fā)展和我國(guó)航運(yùn)及貿(mào)易的發(fā)展需要，完善我國(guó)的航運(yùn)保險(xiǎn)制度并保障我國(guó)的船舶抵押融資制度順利發(fā)展，有助于促進(jìn)我國(guó)海洋經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。船舶抵押權(quán)人利益保險(xiǎn)是我國(guó)航運(yùn)業(yè)發(fā)展和船舶融資發(fā)展的必然走向，我國(guó)探索發(fā)展船舶抵押權(quán)人利益保險(xiǎn)具有必要性和可行性。雖然目前在理論和實(shí)踐層面上還有許多值得探討和研究的問題，但船舶抵押權(quán)人利益保險(xiǎn)在我國(guó)的良好發(fā)展前景是可以預(yù)見的。本文相信，只要邁開了引進(jìn)此險(xiǎn)種的嘗試性的第一步，有關(guān)的理論的完善和實(shí)踐的豐富指日可待。 本文的創(chuàng)新之處體現(xiàn)在以下四個(gè)方面：首先，本文的研究選題較新，目前國(guó)內(nèi)已有的關(guān)于船舶抵押權(quán)人利益保險(xiǎn)的研究和分析都比較單薄，缺少對(duì)船舶抵押權(quán)人利益保險(xiǎn)綜合性的詳細(xì)分析和比較研究；其次，本文從船舶抵押權(quán)人利益保險(xiǎn)的概念、主體、特征、條款等內(nèi)容出發(fā)，聯(lián)動(dòng)結(jié)合法律角度分析和法經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)方法論，對(duì)該險(xiǎn)種在我國(guó)發(fā)展的必要性和可行性等內(nèi)容進(jìn)行多角度、多層面地研究，研究視角較新、較全面；再次，本文創(chuàng)新性地引入法經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分析方法，從法經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)角度出發(fā)，使用法經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論和工具，對(duì)該險(xiǎn)種涉及的諸如經(jīng)濟(jì)人、不確定性、道德風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、逆向選擇、市場(chǎng)失靈、成本收益分析以及合同違約救濟(jì)等區(qū)別于普通民商法、較難得到傳統(tǒng)法學(xué)理論完整解釋的特征和慣例進(jìn)行深入研究，得出更加細(xì)化、精準(zhǔn)的研究結(jié)論，所提建議更具針對(duì)性、可行性和可操作性；最后，本文除采用理論分析和定性研究外，還采用了國(guó)際比較研究方法和法經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)定量分析方法，結(jié)合我國(guó)現(xiàn)行法律制度和航運(yùn)保險(xiǎn)市場(chǎng)現(xiàn)實(shí)情況，對(duì)船舶抵押權(quán)人利益保險(xiǎn)在我國(guó)的發(fā)展重新進(jìn)行了定位，詳細(xì)研究了我國(guó)發(fā)展船舶抵押權(quán)人利益保險(xiǎn)的必要性、可行性和發(fā)展建議，得出發(fā)展船舶抵押權(quán)人利益保險(xiǎn)是我國(guó)保障船舶融資安全的必然走向的結(jié)論。這也是本文研究的另一處創(chuàng)新所在。
[Abstract]:Ship industry is one of the most capital intensive industry in the world, whether it is manufacturing ships, or sailing, need huge capital support, ship financing is the key link to promote the development of the shipbuilding industry. The ship mortgage is the most traditional and common methods of ship finance, ship East usually to banks and other financial institutions to apply for ships mortgage loan to acquire huge financial support. But in the face of high risk industry shipbuilding industry characteristics, banks and other financial institutions will worry about their rights and interests can ship mortgage guarantee, the ship industry gets ship financing difficult. International shipping industry needs to find full, comprehensive protection of the mortgagees'interests and can pass the related risks risk management, in order to smooth the promotion and protection of international ship financing channels.
China has become the world's second largest economy, is developing from large shipping country to shipping power. The eighteen report of China first proposed to the development of marine economy, the concept of the construction of marine power. China's shipping industry is the basis for the development of ocean economy, in the process of implementation of marine strategy in the shipping industry will be development of ship financing in China. There are nearly 70% ships is done in the form of mortgage, with the rapid development of the international shipping market and the financial market, China's shipping financial demand is further increased. However, high risk of the shipping industry also makes the financing of our country faces no small difficulty. Therefore, China should complete the ship financing guarantee system, not only need to vigorously develop the traditional ship insurance, cargo insurance and insurance to protect the ship's mortgage risk, need more development. The insurance of the interests of the mortgaged of the ship can be guaranteed by the characteristics of the current ship financing.
Mortgagees'interest mortgagees'interest (Mortgagees'InterestInsurance, referred to as MII) is independent of the ship mortgage insurance rights interests, right by the insured ship mortgage, the mortgage of the ship insured, because first-line ship insurance underwriting mortgagee, insurance exclusions or occurrence failed to get the full payment to ship the mortgagee's priority is blocked and the resulting loss. Mortgagees'interest in western developed countries has decades of development and mature, to safeguard the mortgagees'interests, transfer the risk at the same time, to ensure the stability and safety of ship financing.
This paper argues that in the protection of the mortgagees'interests, mortgagees'interest superior to traditional first-line ship insurance and insurance of the mortgagee There is nothing comparable to this: according to the needs of their own insurance arrangements, have more autonomy; ship the mortgagee can get rid of the weak position can only rely on the mortgage of ship behavior; and the mortgagees'interests insurance and other insurance are as a useful supplement, to better protect the mortgagee's interests. China's development of mortgagees'interest business, is conducive to optimizing the insurance market of our country shipping insurance business structure, enrich our shipping insurance market, promote the development of China's shipping insurance market.
This paper adopts the method of comparative analysis, literature research method, qualitative analysis method of three kinds of research methods, the content of mortgagees'interest were carefully studied and analyzed thoroughly. According to related theories at home and abroad mortgagees'interest, first defines the mortgagees'interest the concept, introduced the characteristics of insurance interest, the mortgagee of ship body, the main content of the terms, the focus of the insured mortgagees'interest, insured insurable interest and insurance risk and the main clause in a detailed analysis; then analyzed the corresponding law and economics of ship mortgage the interests of insurance, on the one hand, combined with China's Insurance Law < > >, < < maritime law, guarantee law "," property law and other relevant laws and regulations on the insurance, the relevant legal analysis, on the other hand by combined method Economic theory, such as economic man, this kind of uncertainty, moral hazard, adverse selection, market failure, cost benefit analysis and remedy for breach of contract, different from the ordinary civil and commercial law, it is difficult to get the characteristics of the traditional law theory and practice full explanation of the in-depth research; then, based on China's shipping financing the current situation of the development of the shipping industry, and the current legal system, the analysis and Research on the necessity and feasibility of exploring the development of mortgagees'interest in China; finally, this paper makes a research on the mortgagees'interest status and role in the future development of our country, pointed out that the mortgagees'interest is bound to me in the development of shipping industry and shipping financing development, and proposed the development of mortgagees'interest policy suggestions for China's insurance industry and insurance companies, but also for the insurance company in Some adjustments are provided in the long-term future of the contract clause of the mortgaged interests insurance.
This paper argues that the introduction and development of mortgagees'interest can meet the needs of the development of ship mortgage financing development and China shipping and trade, perfecting the shipping insurance system in our country and protect our country's ship mortgage financing system smooth development, help to promote the development of marine economy in China. The mortgagee of ship the interests of insurance is the inevitable trend of our shipping industry and shipping financing development, our country to explore the development of mortgagees'interest has its necessity and feasibility. Although in theory and practice there are many issues worthy of study and research, but the mortgagees'interest in China's development prospects are good predictable. We believe that as long as the first step in trying to introduce this insurance, improve the theory and practice about the rich point the day and await for it.
The innovation of this paper lies in the following four aspects: first, this research is relatively new, currently has a research and analysis of mortgagees'interest are relatively weak, the lack of detailed analysis of mortgagees'interest comprehensive and comparative research; secondly, this article from the mortgagee the concept of insurance interest, subject, characteristics, contents of terms, combination of the perspective of law and economics methodology, the insurance in China's development of the necessity and feasibility of the content such as multi angle, multi-level research, a new study perspective, comprehensively; thirdly, this paper innovatively introduced method the economic analysis methods, starting from the angle of law and economics, using the theory of law and economics and tools, such as economic man, this kind of uncertainty, moral hazard, adverse selection, market failure, cost Benefit analysis and remedy for breach of contract, different from the ordinary civil and commercial law, it is difficult to get the characteristics of the traditional law theory and practice full explanation of the in-depth study, the more detailed and accurate research conclusion and recommendations of more pertinence, feasibility and operability; finally, in addition to the theoretical analysis and qualitative study. By comparative study on international law and economics method and quantitative analysis method, combined with the reality of China's current legal system and shipping insurance market of mortgagees'interest in the development of China's re positioning, a detailed study of the necessity of the development of China's mortgagees'interest, feasibility and development suggested that the development of mortgagees'interest is the inevitable trend of our country's security safe ship financing conclusion. Another innovation of this paper.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F552;F842.634;D922.294

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