本文選題：誠信義務(wù)　切入點(diǎn)：保險人　出處：《華中科技大學(xué)》2007年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 當(dāng)前在我國乃至全世界,誠信危機(jī)已經(jīng)成了關(guān)系市場經(jīng)濟(jì)能否健康發(fā)展的重要問題,我國迫切需要完善保險市場,而完善的保險市場又需要健全合理的保險法律制度。最大誠信原則是保險法的重要法律特征,保險人能否遵循誠信原則,切實(shí)履行誠信義務(wù)成為保險業(yè)良好發(fā)展的重要保證。本文旨在對保險人的誠信義務(wù)問題進(jìn)行較為深入、系統(tǒng)的研究,以引起學(xué)術(shù)界對這一課題的重視,為實(shí)務(wù)界和司法界提供理論參考。全文分為引論、正文和結(jié)束語。其中,正文由三部分組成。 文章第一部分對最大誠信義務(wù)制度進(jìn)行了論述。最大誠信義務(wù)制度起源于誠實(shí)信用原則。誠實(shí)信用原則淵源于羅馬法的誠信契約和誠信訴訟。在大陸法系,作為民法的基本原則,誠實(shí)信用經(jīng)歷了其適用于合同關(guān)系,適用于債務(wù)關(guān)系和適用于各種民事義務(wù)關(guān)系三個階段。在英美法系,判例法和成文法亦確認(rèn)了誠實(shí)信用原則為民商法基本原則�！侗ｋU法》將誠信原則發(fā)展為最大誠信原則。最大誠信原則最早運(yùn)用于英國的海上保險,是為適應(yīng)海上保險的需要而確立。英國1906年的《海上保險法》最早對最大誠信義務(wù)做出規(guī)定。隨著保險業(yè)的發(fā)展,最大誠信原則得以深化,特別是由最初多用于限制被保險人,擴(kuò)展至保險人,各國保險法對保險人的誠信要求作了規(guī)定。最大誠信原則源于誠信原則,然而二者之間又存在差異:最大誠信原則要求更高;是規(guī)范性與非規(guī)范性規(guī)定的結(jié)合體;在司法中有嚴(yán)格規(guī)則主義傾向。 文章第二部分闡釋了保險人承擔(dān)誠信義務(wù)的理論基礎(chǔ)。最大誠信原則產(chǎn)生之初主要是約束投保人的工具,隨著保險業(yè)的發(fā)展,保險人信守誠信義務(wù)對維持保險業(yè)正常秩序作用日顯。保險人承擔(dān)誠信義務(wù)有其深刻的理論依據(jù):由于保險合同具有射幸性、附合性,成立方式的不要式性合同當(dāng)事人地位不平等以及意思表示不充分的特點(diǎn),整個保險合同活動過程中道德因素起了不可替代的作用。另外,保險人承擔(dān)誠信義務(wù)是現(xiàn)代保險經(jīng)營平衡當(dāng)事人之間利益沖突,維護(hù)保險基金穩(wěn)定性,提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,擴(kuò)大保險市場,實(shí)現(xiàn)公平的必然要求。 文章第三部分是文章重點(diǎn)所在,探討了保險人最大誠信義務(wù)的內(nèi)容。保險人最大誠信義務(wù)包括訂約說明義務(wù)、告知義務(wù),通知義務(wù)以及誠信理賠義務(wù)。訂約說明義務(wù)是我國保險法的一大特色,我國保險法規(guī)定了保險八應(yīng)對合同條款予以說明,對免責(zé)條款進(jìn)行明確說明。但是對說明義務(wù)的具體內(nèi)容、說明程度以及履行方式?jīng)]有加以明確規(guī)定,給司法實(shí)踐帶來困惑。文章就相應(yīng)理論進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)闡述。棄權(quán)與禁止反言基于衡平法的公平原則而產(chǎn)生,是保險人的最大誠信義務(wù)的重要內(nèi)容。我國保險法沒有明確規(guī)定棄權(quán)和禁止反言原則,本文借鑒外國理論深入研究棄權(quán)與禁止反言的內(nèi)涵、適用條件和適用情形。保險人的及時給付義務(wù)是保險人最基本、最起碼的義務(wù),是投保人訂約目的最終得以實(shí)現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵所在。保險人應(yīng)在直接損失、救助費(fèi)用和其他合理費(fèi)用的范圍內(nèi)履行給付義務(wù),保險人最大誠信義務(wù)尤其要求保險人在規(guī)定期限內(nèi)履行給付義務(wù)。 文章最后部分提出了完善保險人最大誠信義務(wù)的建議。首先完善保險法律法規(guī)。我國保險法對保險人的說明義務(wù)規(guī)定了“說明”和“明確說明”兩種情況,事實(shí)上“說明”與“明確說明”很難區(qū)分,保險人對所有說明對象都應(yīng)明確說明。保險法對保險人違反說明義務(wù)做出了一項(xiàng)規(guī)定,即如若保險人違反了明確說明義務(wù),免責(zé)條款無效。建議法律將投保人合同解除權(quán)規(guī)定為救濟(jì)手段或利用合同不利解釋原則。我國的《保險法》對棄權(quán)與禁止反言這一約束保險人的國際通行的重要內(nèi)容只字未提,在修訂《保險法》時,棄權(quán)與禁止反言的法律規(guī)定是不可或缺的。為促使保險人充分履行及時給付義務(wù),法律應(yīng)明確規(guī)定保險人理賠原則和保險金給付的具體期限。保險人應(yīng)完善實(shí)務(wù)操作辦法,特別是適當(dāng)?shù)馗倪M(jìn)投保單及保險合同的格式。 綜上所述,筆者通過對保險人誠信義務(wù)的制度闡述,側(cè)重就保險人誠信義務(wù)的內(nèi)容予以研究,旨在對當(dāng)今保險人違反誠信義務(wù)的行為和違反后果,以及如何克服這些行為,聯(lián)系實(shí)際進(jìn)行學(xué)理的探討,使保險法在實(shí)踐中更好發(fā)揮作用,促進(jìn)我國民族保險業(yè)健康有效地發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:At present in our country and even the world, the credit crisis has been an important problem in relation to the healthy development of the market economy, China's urgent need to improve and perfect the insurance market, insurance market and insurance legal system perfect and reasonable. The principle of utmost good faith is the legal characteristics to the law of insurance, the insurer can follow the principle of good faith. To fulfill the obligation of good faith has become important assurance for the development of the insurance industry. This paper aims at the fiduciary duty of the insurance people for more in-depth, systematic research, to be paid more attention to this problem and provide a theoretical reference for the practice and law. This thesis is divided into introduction, body and conclusion. Among them, the consists of three parts.
The first part of the system of the duty of utmost good faith is discussed. The duty of utmost good faith system originated from the principle of good faith. The principle of honesty and credit originated from Rome law contract of utmost good faith and action. In the continental law system, as a basic principle of civil law, good faith experience suitable for contract, is suitable for the relationship between debt and applicable to the relationship all kinds of civil obligations in three stages. In the common law, case law and statute law also confirmed the principle of good faith as the basic principle of civil law. The insurance law > the principle of good faith for the development of the principle of utmost good faith. Faith is first used in the British marine insurance, is established to meet the needs of marine insurance at sea. In 1906 the British Insurance Law > the earliest provisions of the "duty of utmost good faith. With the development of the insurance industry, the principle of utmost good faith to deepen, especially is limited by the initial for The insurer, extended to insurance, credit insurance law requirements for the insurer provides. The principle of utmost good faith in the principle of good faith, but there are also differences between the two: the principle of utmost good faith requires higher; is a combination of normative and non normative provisions of the body; there are strict rules in the judicial tendency.
The second part expounds the theoretical basis of the insurer undertakes the obligation of good faith. The principle of utmost good faith is the main constraint at the beginning of the insured, with the development of the insurance industry, the insurance people abide by the fiduciary duty to maintain the normal order of the insurance industry is getting more and more. The insurer undertakes the obligation of good faith has its profound theoretical basis: the insurance contract has fortunately, with the establishment of the contract, not the unequal status of the parties and the meaning of that is not fully characterized, moral factors in the insurance contract in the process of activities have played an irreplaceable role. In addition, the insurer undertakes the obligation of good faith is the conflict of interests between the parties to maintain the balance of modern insurance business, insurance fund stability, improve economic efficiency, expand the insurance market, a necessary requirement to achieve fairness.
The third part is the focus of insurer's duty of utmost good faith content. The insurer contracting includes the duty of utmost good faith that obligation, obligation, obligation of notification and credit claim obligations. Contracting note obligations is a major feature of China's Insurance Law, the insurance law of our country stipulates insurance eight the terms of the contract shall be explained and on the exemption clauses specified. But the specific content of the duty of explanation, and illustrate the extent of performance have not been clearly defined, brought to the judicial practice confusion. The corresponding theory in detail. Waiver and estoppel principle of fairness based on equity and produce, insurance is an important part of people's utmost good faith the obligations of the insurance law of our country. There is no clear provisions of waiver and estoppel, referring to foreign theory in-depth study of waiver and estoppel prohibited connotation, suitable for. And the applicable circumstances. The insurer is obligated to timely payment of insurance the most basic, the minimum obligation is the key to the realization of the insured contract. The insurer should be in the range of the direct losses, salvage charges and other reasonable expenses within the insurer to fulfill payment obligations, the duty of utmost good faith in insurance requirements especially within the prescribed period of time to fulfill payment obligations.
The last part of the article put forward to perfect the insurance duty of utmost good faith proposal. First improve the insurance laws and regulations. The insurance law of China stipulates the obligation of the insurer "account" and "clearly" two kinds of situations, in fact "description" and "clearly" it is difficult to distinguish, the insurer shall specify all of that object. The insurance law of the insured breach of obligations that made a provision that if the insurer violates the specific explanation obligation, the exemption clause is invalid. Legal advice will be insured the right to rescind the contract provisions for relief means or the use of the unfavorable interpretation principle. The insurance law in China to abstain from < > and Estelle this constraint insurer international important content not mentioned in the revised "insurance law", waiver and estoppel law is indispensable. In order to promote timely to fully fulfill the insurer To pay obligations, the law should clearly stipulate the insurer's claim principle and the specific time limit for insurance payment. The insurer should improve practical operation methods, especially to properly improve the form of insurance policy and insurance contract.
In conclusion, the author expounds the insurer's fiduciary duty system, focuses on the study of the insurer's fiduciary duty to the insurer, breach of fiduciary duty in violation of behavior and consequences, and how to overcome these behaviors, with practice and theoretical exploration of the insurance law in practice to better play a role in promoting. Our national insurance industry healthy and effective development.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：D922.284

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本文編號：1581522